Often times people will interpret the Yorùbá phrase ìwà-kpɛ̀lɛ́ as "good character" and is often corrected and said that it means "gentle character" (ìwà [character] kpɛ̀lɛ́ [gentle]), which they are correct. But I argue that this phrase can also mean "good character" based on comparative linguistics. Words rarely have a simple meaning, but belongs to a matrix of common themes. Over time this can be narrowed in a given language. But only through examining closely related languages and dialects do we get the full matrix of the semanteme of a given term. This is the case with kpɛ̀lɛ́ in ìwà-kpɛ̀lɛ́. For example:
kiSwahili: pole “sympathy,”
Yorùbá: kpɛ̀lɛ́ “sympathy to someone who has suffered hurt”;
kiSwahili: polepole “gently,”
Yorùbá: kpɛ̀lɛ́kpɛ̀lɛ́ “gently, softly, carefully” (take care);
Wolof: noppi "to be quiet, peaceful,".
<< Common vocalization of the Yorùbá form is pele. However, Yorùbá /p/ is a double-articulated labio-velar [k͡p]. The word kpɛ̀lɛ́ is often used in the phrase ìwà-kpɛ̀lɛ́ “gentle character.” As noted by Maulana Karenga, ìwà-kpɛ̀lɛ́ “is embraced as the finest kind of good character. In the Ifa tradition, ìwà-kpɛ̀lɛ́ is the greatest virtue a person can possess” (Asante and Mazama, 2009: 346) . . . As noted by Kunbi Labeodan (Asante and Mazama, 2009: 348-349), ìwà refers to a person's essential nature and their psychic self. It is the origin and totality of what a person is. We have three types of ìwà: i.e., ìwà rere "good character," ìwà pele (kpɛ̀lɛ́) "gentleness" and ìwà burúkú "bad character." An individual with ìwà-kpɛ̀lɛ́ or ìwà-rere is referred to as Omoluwabi "a gentle person, a person who embodies all the qualities appreciated by the Yorùbá people" (ibid.). Although the word kpɛ̀lɛ́ is used to mean “gentle, soft” in Yorùbá, and rere (also o-dara) is used to mean “good,” we can see from the Egyptian and ciLuba examples that this term is very narrow in scope in Yorùbá. By way of comparison, we can reinterpret kpɛ̀lɛ́ to not only mean “soft, gentle, careful” (M-E nfr “pleasant”; ciLuba -pole “gentle, calm, quiet, tranquil”), but also “good, pleasant, perfect” (nfr.t “what is good, kindness”; ciLuba impila “be beautiful, good, pretty, well, pleasant, new, strong, perfect”). Therefore, ìwà-kpɛ̀lɛ́ could mean “good, perfect, excellent character/being.” >>
Note that Yorùbá ìwà-kpɛ̀lɛ́ is cognate with the title of Osiris among the ancient Egyptians: i.e., wnn-nfr. For a complete scope and range of the term, we can examine ciLuba-Bantu:
bu.impe "beauty, joy, goodness, well, agreement, elegance, excellence, perfect, generosity ( = kalolu, ndololu, ndolu);
impila "be beautiful, good, pretty, well, pleasant, new, strong, perfect"
pela "civilize, purify, filing, polishing ( = shila), adorning ( = zola)"
pole "gentle, calm, damp, cool, peaceful, quiet, healthy, well (e.g., sleep well = lala pole)"
bu.pole "peace, calm, tranquility, freshness, good"
mpelo, mpwila "extremity, completion, finish, end (syn. ndekeelu "term, finished, completion"; mubànduku "end of work"; ntòkwelu "conclusion”)."
mfula "charitable person"
By understanding its cognates in related languages, you get a better understanding of the term and "goodness" is definitely a part of the semanteme of kpɛ̀lɛ́.