Since low wages and labor market disconnectedness are often posited as dominant explanatory factors for racial wealth differentials, this experience of different groups in the wake of economic downturns is important to consider (Aliprantis & Carroll 2019; Barsky et al. 2002). This, however, implies that the direction of causality runs from income to wealth, and ignores the intergenerational transmission of wealth and the potential for the relationship to run the other way—from familial wealth to income. In fact, Millennials’ wealth mirrors that of their parents. Among the oldest Millennials, those born between 1980 and 1984, who have had some time to get farther along on their economic trajectory, the median wealth of Latinx adults lies between that of Black and White adults.
Specifically, the median wealth of Latinx Millennials is $14,691, more than twice the median wealth of Black Millennials, who hold $5,676, and slightly more than half the wealth of White Millennials, at $26,109. At the very least, racial gaps in Millennial income reflect economic inequality only to a lesser extent. By their early thirties, the median household income of Latinx adults ($69,478) was greater than that of Black Millennials ($46,300), but lower than White Millennials ($81,137).
The median net wealth by income quintiles of Millennials (presented in the table at the end of chapter) shows both a distinct hierarchy and stark disparities according to race and ethnicity. The wealth holdings across the income distribution for both Black and Latinx Millennials are below White Millennials.
Specifically, Black Millennials in the top income quintile hold less than half of the median wealth of Latinx Millennials, and Latinx Millennials in the top income tier hold less than half the median wealth of White Millennials. Even at the top of the income distribution, both Black and Latinx Millennials hold significantly less wealth.
While there are disparities according to race and ethnicity in the distribution of both income and wealth, the racial wealth gap is wider. This holds true among young adults. Wealth inequality between Black and White Millennials was 2.6 times larger than income inequality, and 1.5 times larger for Latinx and White Millennials. Despite less variation in median incomes across race and ethnicity, wealth gaps among different racial and ethnic groups are large and significant.
The Emerging Millennial Wealth Gap
I often post this link to help frame racial wealth gap discussions, and to show that even folks at the top of the Black millennial pyramid aren't doing as well as their white counterparts.