the other language that does not use vowels and matches the system of hebrew...is egyptian
Neither does Arabic
or Aramaic, and they are much closer to Hebrew (Aramaic especially).
you say that they loathed the translation of Torah into Greek yet the earliest known compilation is the Septuagint
The Septuagint account first appears in an apocryphon of the Second Century
BCE known as
Letter of Aristeas, that relates that Ptolemy Philadelphus wrote to the Jewish authorities in Y'rusholayim demanding that a delegation of Rabbinic experts be sent to Alexandria, Egypt in order to translate the five books of the Torah (and
only the first five books) into Greek for inclusion in his library. Aristeas claims he persuaded El'ozor, the Kohein Godol in Y'rusholayim, to send 72 scholars (six from each of the twelve tribes) with him from there to Alexandria, Egypt for the purpose of translating the first five books of the Tenach (and
only those five books) into Greek; the story eventually found its way into a בָּרַיְיתָא
borayyso (non-mishnaic teaching dating from the period of the mishnah) where it is further related that:
:וּמִשּׁוּם מַעֲשֶׂה דְּתַלְמַי הַמֶּלֶךְ דְּתַנְיָא מַעֲשֶׂה בְּתַלְמַי הַמֶּלֶךְ שֶׁכִּינֵּס שִׁבְעִים וּשְׁנַיִם זְקֵנִים וְהִכְנִיסָן בְּשִׁבְעִים וּשְׁנַיִם בָּתִּים, וְלֹא גִּילָּה לָהֶם עַל מָה; כִּינְסָן וְנִכְנַס אֵצֶל כׇּל־אֶחָד וְאֶחָד, וְאָמַר לָהֶם, "כִּתְבוּ לִי תּוֹרַת מֹשֶׁה רַבְּכֶם"—נָתַן הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא בְּלֵב כׇּל־אֶחָד וְאֶחָד עֵצָה וְהִסְכִּימוּ כּוּלָּן לְדַעַת אַחַת
"King Ptolemy [II Philadelphus] assembled seventy-two elders and placed them in seventy-two houses, without telling them why he had brought them together; he then went into each [of the houses], and said to them, `Translate for me your teacher Moshe's Torah'—Hakodosh boruch Hu then put the same idea into the heads of each of them and they all wrote for him [the same thing]..."
—which is followed by a list of fifteen alterations (e.g. in B'raishis 1:1, בְּרֵאשִֽׁית בָּרָֽא אֱלֹקִֽים "at the start of G-d's creating" was changed to אֱלֹקִֽים בָּרָֽא בְּרֵאשִֽׁית "G-d created at the start" [lest you come to the conclusion that בְּרֵאשִֽׁית created אֱלֹקִֽים!!]) that each and every one of the translators incorporated into his translation (but which are NOT found in the surviving Greek translation that Xians cling to). The Greek version that today's Xians call the "LXX" was made by persons unknown at unknown dates and maintained by persons unknown.
The seventy-
two translators ('septuagint' really ought to be
septuaginta duo) made more than a dozen alterations in order to prevent misunderstanding; fifteen in total. These changes are listed in the g'moro (Masseches M'gilloh, daf tess) as follows:
- ) in B'raishis 1:1 — אֱלֹקִים בָּרָא בְּרֵאשִׁית "G-d created at the start" rather than בְּרֵאשִׁית בָּרָא אֱלֹקִים "at the start of G-d's creating"
- ) in B'raishis 1:26 — אֶעֱשֶׂה אָדָם בְּצֶלֶם וּבִדְמוּת "I shall make a man in an image and a form" rather than נַעֲשֶׂה "we shall make..."
- ) in B'raishis 2:2 — וַיְכַל בְּיוֹם הַשִּׁשִּׁי וַיִּשְׁבּוֹת בְּיוֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִי "He finished on the sixth day and He left off [His creative activity] on the seventh day" rather than just וַיְכַל אֱלֹקִים בַּיּוֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִי "He finished on the seventh day"
- ) in B'raishis 5:2 — זָכָר וּנְקֵבָה בְּרָאוֹ "He created him male and female" rather than זָכָר וּנְקֵבָה בְּרָאָם "He created them male and female"
- ) in B'raishis 11:7 — הָבָה אֵרְדָה וְאָבְלָה שָׁם שְׂפָתָם "I shall descend and confuse their languages" rather than הָבָה נֵרְדָה וְנָבְלָה שָׁם שְׂפָתָם "we shall descend and confuse their languages"
- ) in B'raishis 18:12 — וַתִּצְחַק שָׂרָה בִּקְרוֹבֶיהָ "Sarah laughed among her relatives" rather than וַתִּצְחַק שָׂרָה בְּקִרְבָּהּ "Sarah laughed within herself"
- ) in B'raishis 49:6 — כִּי בְאַפָּם הָרְגוּ שׁוֹר וּבִרְצוֹנָם עִקְּרוּ אֵבוּס "For in their anger they killed a bull..." rather than כִּי בְאַפָּם הָרְגוּ אִישׁ וּבִרְצֹנָם עִקְּרוּ שׁוֹר "For in their anger they killed a man..."
- ) in Sh'mos 4:20 — וַיִּקַּח מֹשֶׁה אֶת־אִשְׁתּוֹ וְאֶת־בָּנָיו וַיַּרְכִּיבֵם עַל־נוֹשֵׂא בְּנֵי אָדָם "then Moshe took his wife and his sons and made them ride on a carrier of people" rather than עַל־הַחֲמֹר... "...on a donkey"
- ) in Sh'mos 12:40 — וּמוֹשַׁב בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל אֲשֶׁר יָשְׁבוּ בְּמִצְרָיִם וּבִשְׁאָר אֲרָצוֹת אַרְבַּע מֵאוֹת שָׁנָה "the settlement of the b'né Yisroél during which they lived in Egypt and also in other countries was 400 years" rather than בְּמִצְרָיִם שְׁלֹשִׁים שָׁנָה וְאַרְבַּע מֵאוֹת שָׁנָה... "...in Egypt, 430 years"
- ) in Sh'mos 24:5 — וַיִּשְׁלַח אֶת־זַאֲטוּטֵי בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל "he sent the b'né Yisroél's young men" (using the alternative word זַאֲטוּטֵי za'atuté and avoiding the use of נַעֲרֵי na'aré [as in the original וַיִּשְׁלַח אֶת־נַעֲרֵי בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל] which could also be understood to mean 'servants')
- ) in Sh'mos 24:11 — וְאֶל־זַאֲטוּטֵי בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל לֹא שָׁלַח יָדוֹ "He took no action against the b'né Yisroél's young men" (again using the word זַאֲטוּטֵי za'atuté [instead of the original אֲצִילֵי atzilé in וְאֶל־אֲצִילֵי בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל לֹא שָׁלַח יָדוֹ])
- ) in B'midbor 16:15 — לֹא חֶמֶד אֶחָד מֵהֶם נָשָׂאתִי "I have not taken one valuable from them" rather than לֹא חֲמוֹר אֶחָד מֵהֶם נָשָׂאתִי "I have not taken one donkey from them"
- ) in D'vorim 4:19 — אֲשֶׁר חָלַק יְיָ אֱלֹקֶיךָ אֹתָם לְהָאִיר לְכׇל הָעַמִּים "which Hashem your G-d assigned to give light to all the nations" rather than אֲשֶׁר חָלַק יְיָ אֱלֹקֶיךָ אֹתָם לְכֹל הָעַמִּים "which Hashem your G-d assigned to all the nations"
- ) in D'vorim 17:3 — וַיֵּלֶךְ וַיַּעֲבוֹד אֱלֹקִים אֲחֵרִים...אֲשֶׁר לֹא־צִוִּיתִי לְעוֹבְדָם "who will go and worship other gods...which I never commanded to be worshipped" instead of just וַיֵּלֶךְ וַיַּעֲבוֹד אֱלֹקִים אֲחֵרִים...אֲשֶׁר לֹא־צִוִּיתִי "who will go and worship other gods...which I never commanded"
- ) and in Vayikro 11:6 — they wrote אֶת־צְעִירַת הָרַגְלַיִם "the [thing] with small legs" as opposed to אַרְנֶבֶת arneves "the hare" [as in the original אֶת־הָאַרְנֶבֶת] because אַרְנֶבֶת arneves relates to the name of one of King Ptolemy's family members, and they did not want to afford him the excuse to say שָֽׂחֲקוּ בִּֽי הַיְּהוּדִֽים sochaku bi hay'hudim "the Jews are mocking me!"
Many Xian scholars claim that Yushke and his talmidim used the Septuagint, preferring it above the preserved Hebrew text found in the Temple and בָּתֵּי כְּנֵסִיּוֹת
botay k'nayssiyos (Synagogues); however, if the Greek Septuagint was the Bible they used, Yushke would not have said:
"For verily I say unto you, Till heaven and earth pass, one jot or one tittle shall in no wise pass from the law, till all be fulfilled" (Matthew 5:18). Why? Because 'jots' and 'tittles' are small marks made by a סוֹפֵר
sofer (Jewish scribe) in Scriptural texts as a kind of ornaments on the heads of various letters of the Hebrew alphabet—the six letters ב
bais, ד
dallet, ה
hei, ח
ches, י
yud, and ק
kuf are marked with a single stroke, similar to a very small ז
zayin; while the seven letters ג
gimmel, ז
zayin, ט
tess, נ
nun, ע
ayin, צ
tzaddi, and ש
shin are marked with a 'crown' (תגין) of three little strokes, converging where they meet the letter's head. If Yushke had been using the Greek Septuagint, his 'scriptures' would not have contained 'jots' or 'tittles', so he must have obviously been using the Hebrew Tenach.
Moreover, Yushke always refers to the Scriptural text in one of two ways: "The Torah [
Law] and the Neviyim [
Prophets]" (Matthew 5:17, 7:12, 11:13, 22:40; Luke 16:16; John 1:45; Acts 13:15, 24:14, 28:23; Romans 3:21); or "Moshe's Torah [
Law], the Neviyim [
Prophets] and the T'hilim [
Psalms - the first book of K'suvim]" (Luke 24:44). We Jews divide the Bible into three parts:
Torah, the
Neviyim ("Prophets") and the
K'suvim ("Writings"), and Yushke was clearly making reference to these divisions (the Septuagint has no such divisions).
why does the Jewish community not reinterpret "Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image"
technically by ancient standards this includes letters and anything inscribed on paper, clay, walls etc
What the verse actually says is
...לֹא־תַעֲשֶׂה לְךָ פֶסֶל וְכָל־תְּמוּנָה אֲשֶׁר בַּשָּׁמַיִם מִמַּעַל
"You are not to make for yourself a carved statue
or the appearance of anything that is in the heavens above..."
and in D'vorim 5:8 there is no conjunctive prefix
ו־ so that the word פֶסֶל becomes genitive ("statue
of...) and the verse reads
...לֹא־תַעֲשֶׂה לְךָ פֶסֶל כָל־תְּמוּנָה אֲשֶׁר בַּשָּׁמַיִם מִמַּעַל
"You are not to make for yourself a carved statue
of the appearance of anything that is in the heavens above..."
Yet despite this beginning we have an endless increase of graven images
These hebrews are not what they seem if you ask me
@Koichos it is a heavy thing to scribe in the name of God.
I take it you are not familiar with the biblical expression עַם־קְשֵׁה־עֹרֶף
'am k'shei oref.
B'raishis 2:23 implies that Adam was speaking in Hebrew when he said: "this will be called an אִשָּֽׁה
ishoh for she was taken from an אִ֧ישׁ
ish" (Hebrew is the only language in which אִשָּֽׁה
ishoh ["woman"] is the cognate feminine form of the masculine noun אִ֧ישׁ
ish ["man"]).