In Africa “seeing” and “hearing” is associated with “wisdom” and “knowledge.” This response will deal with “hearing” as a pathway to knowledge. It is my contention that “hearing” is at the root of the Ancient Egyptian name for the nTr DHwty (Sahidic Coptic - Thoout, Thōth, Thoot, Thaut; Bohairic Coptic Thōout). Alternate spellings are Tetu, Tehuti, and Zehuti. It is also my contention that the actually root of the name is /D/ (dj). Theodor Hopfner, a German Egyptologists, argued that the root is DHw as the oldest name for Ibis (but more commonly known as /hbj/). The addition of -ty denotes that he possessed the attributes of the Ibis, thus it is read “he who is like the Ibis” (see Wiki article for source material). However, it is my opinion, based on common conventions in Egyptian, that the Ibis association and baboon association is done strictly because the names sound similar to the root: a sort of pun on the root -D- “hear.”
Dhjehuti/Thoth is articulated as the lord of “wisdom, laws and writing.” He is the inventor of mathematics, astronomy, medicine, and rhetoric. In the Kalenjiin language (Nilo-Saharan), this name is reflected in the term /utaat/ “smart and skillful”; /utotyeet/ “brilliance and skill.”
It is, in part, based off a root -t- meaning “ear” which is used to mean “to hear”: Kalenjiin /Ebiit/ (ep-iith), literally /eb/ “bend” + /iit/ “ear.” Another form in Kalenjiin is /Yēbiit/ (ie-piit; yie-biit): /yēb/, “set” + /iit/, “ear.” This root can be seen in the following in Kongo-Saharan (From Campbell-Dunn 2009b):
EAR:
PWS tiè “hear”
PWN THÚI, THÚ “ear”
PWS nú “hear” (nasal grade of tu)
Ewe tó “ear”, Dan tu “ear”, Kanjaga tu(i) “ear”. Yoruba e-ti “ear” has a prefix,
Bantu túi, “ear”, (to)
Bantu (ko)to “ear” etc.
Mande tolo “ear”
Mangbetu tu “speech”
KNOW
Sumerian zu “to know”
TU, (NTU) “know”
PWS tú “to take” (ie apprehend, comprehend)
Zangian (Swahili) dyua*, yua* “to know”, ju* “to know”, S. W Africa tsuea “know”, Usagara-Ugogo zua* “to know”.
PWS tiè “to hear”
PWN THÚ “ear”
Mande dō “to know”
Mangbetu êtu “to take” (apprehend)
Songhai tu “to wish”
Afro-Asiatic: Egyptian Coptic swon “to know” ?
In Egyptian this -t- root is no longer isolated, but is bounded by other morphemes. Over time this root has become /t/, /d/ and /D/ (dj) in the Egyptian language. Remember that “hearing” is analogous to “knowing” and “wisdom” in Africa. In Egyptian we have the following:
/D/-Root-Form
msDr "ear"
aD "to hear"
sDm "to hear, to listen to"
sDm "obey, understand, judge, satisfy (conditions)
yda "wise, smart, intelligent"
/t/-Root-Form
smt "ear, eavesdropper"
smt "hear, investigate, examine" (also torture) [in essence, "to bear witness to"]
smtr "to examine, to investigate, inquiry"
In ciLuba-Bantu the Egyptian /D/-root is j(i,a,e). It derives ultimately from /eela/ (l>d>t>j>z) “to exit from self (sound, idea, word, object ...), issue, expressing.”
màyeelè(à) "ruse, trickery, cunning, crafty"
meeji ≋ menji "intelligence, think, reflect";
-à/-a pa meeji "logic"
lweji "reason"; -à/-a lweji "rational"
bweji "rationality"
dyeji "intelligence, idea"
cyejeeji "poor idea, suspicion"
ntèèjà "hearing, intelligence, understanding"
budìmù "skill, finesse, caution, prudence" [l+i>di; eela>di> bu-di-mu]
Within linguistics, many monosyllabic morphemes in Egyptian is “reversed” in Bantu. DHwty, is reversed in ciLuba as ntèèja “hearing, intelligence, understanding.” In Egyptian the word /smt/ has a causative-s prefix. The root is /mt/ which becomes /Dm/ in an earlier form. In ciLuba this is reflected as bu-Dimu (t>d) “skill, finesse, caution, prudence”; -dimuka "act with intelligence or cunning, be wary, cunning, clever, be careful, pay attention, smart, circumspection." Other forms: budìmùke(a) "deception, address, finesse,"; dimukila "be more, out-perform, exceed"; mudimuke "cunning person."
It should be noted that “ear” in Yoruba is e-ti. Initiation into Ifa among the Yoruba is called eeta/Ita (also in the word for “three” meta. A divination is done on the third day of initiation by the Babalawo). It should also be noted that a word for “education” in Yoruba is /to/. Initiation is a time to “watch, observe and listen.” In many parts of Yoruba initiation, the student cannot talk or ask questions: they can only listen and observe.
From this examination we can see why DHwty/Toot/Thoth was a “judge” and associated with “science, magic, philosophy, mathematics and writing.” Thoth is the personification of intelligence and all that it implies. In Africa (and I’d argue the world over) wisdom is predicated on how well you “listen” and “pay attention” to the environment around you. Coming from an oral tradition, listening would be key to gaining the wisdom of the elders who dispense information at campfires. Among the Amazulu of South Africa, they have a hieroglyph that is composed of a sign of a “mouth” which is superimposed by a finger (in the “shhhh” context). This sign means “silence”, but it also means “wisdom.” In other words, one gains insight by “seeing” and “listening”; not by “talking.” In America we say “God gave you two ears and one mouth for a reason: so you could “hear more” and “talk less.” This has the same connotation.
Hopefully this tidbit provides some insights into the possible origins of the name DHwty