There is evidence that maritime history existed prior to Europeans arriving at the “new world”, that is certainly true.The European wants you to believe nobody could be seaferring prior to them. Just becauase they couldnt figure out without massive ships and batman gadgets. Meanwhile the indegenious people were using canoes
And it’s a known fact that Amerindians had canoes. This is probably also how to the islands?
From where did the author get this?
What scientific methodology did he use to get this conclusion?
“Plate techtonic patterns show that the distance between Asia and the Americas is decreasing, not increasing, so the two continents were never connected, but were in fact on opposite sides of the prehistoric landmass Pangea.”
How does the author explain the modern potatoes and the distribution of potatoes all around the world?
There are some parts of history missing in his statements. Like 90% of historical events aren’t mentioned.
That’s interesting because the Polynesians do show genetic similarities.
“Genetic analysis of their modern descendants shows that people from the Pacific Islands and South America interacted long before Europeans arrived”
(Brian Handwerk July 8, 2020)
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Native Americans and Polynesians Met Around 1200 A.D.
Genetic analysis of their modern descendants shows that people from the Pacific Islands and South America interacted long before Europeans arrived
www.smithsonianmag.com
The distance was probably not that far off for them to manage.
Did Polynesian Voyagers Reach the Americas Before Columbus?
The Polynesians were expert sailors—and research suggests they landed in the Americas centuries before Columbus.
www.history.com
Is this in reference to Polynesians? Polynesians are Asians with a specific gene pool.
There would have been a genetic drift causing variation in the gene pool, after thousands upon thousands of years.
The Bering Strait happed during the lower Paleolithic. If so these people who have had a genetic distance by now, due to the many mutations, like Polynesians etc.
*Although the lineage containing this haplotype must have originated in Africa, C3 is rare in Africa (1.0% in MKK) but widely distributed in East Asia, the New World, and Oceania.*
[...]
“Frequencies display strong population differentiation, with the derived light skin pigmentation allele (A111T) fixed or nearly so in all European populations and *the ancestral allele predominant in sub-Saharan Africa and East Asia (Lamason et al. 2005; Norton et al. 2007).*
[...]
“Phased haplotypes were retrieved from HapMap, Release 21. For phylogenetic analysis, graphs were drawn by the use of a simple nearest-neighbor approach and rooted by the use of ancestral alleles determined by comparison with other primate sequences.”
[...]
"Of the remaining 10 common core haplotype groups, all ancestral at rs1426654, *eight clearly have their origins in Africa* (Figure 3B, Figure 4, and Table S4). Three early diverging haplotypes, C1, C2, and C4, are rare outside of Africa and clearly originated there."
*”In the lineage containing the majority of haplotypes, each of the three branches, containing C5, C6-C7, and C8-C11, give strong evidence of having originated in Africa.* C5 reaches its greatest abundance in West Africa and is rare outside of Africa. Within the other two branches, C6 and C9, which are the most common haplotypes in Africa, are also common worldwide, whereas C7 is abundant in East Asia and much less common but widespread in Africa.”
[...]
“Our dating for this haplotype is consistent with a non-African origin. The most likely location for the origin of C11 is, therefore, within the region in which it is fixed or nearly so. As both models for the origin of C11 imply that C3 and C10 were present in ancestors of Europeans, the observed and inferred *distributions of these autosomal haplotypes are consistent with the single-out-of- Africa hypothesis derived using uniparental markers* (Oppenheimer 2003; Macaulay et al. 2005).”
(Victor A. Canfield et al., Molecular Phylogeography of a Human Autosomal Skin Color Locus Under Natural Selection 2013)
It depends on what you consider Black looking?
A biracial child (mulatto) can have the appearance of a North African. But it doesn’t make them a North African.
Investigating the origins of eastern Polynesians using genome-wide data from the Leeward Society Isles - Scientific Reports
The debate concerning the origin of the Polynesian speaking peoples has been recently reinvigorated by genetic evidence for secondary migrations to western Polynesia from the New Guinea region during the 2nd millennium BP. Using genome-wide autosomal data from the Leeward Society Islands, the...
www.nature.com
Native American gene flow into Polynesia predating Easter Island settlement - Nature
Genomic analyses of DNA from modern individuals show that, about 800 years ago, pre-European contact occurred between Polynesian individuals and Native American individuals from near present-day Colombia, while remote Pacific islands were still being settled.
www.nature.com
It’s indeed true that in some places in the Americas newly arrived Africans mixed with the indigenous Amerindian populations.
However, we see untouched Amerindian communities being found, in the Amazon region, from time to time.
So we have a clear understanding of what they looked like then and now.
It depends on what is considered Black looking. Amerindians can have dark skin, wide noses, full lips. They at times do have a negroe appearance, with somewhat epicanthal folds (slanted eyes).
These people show to have genetic similarities to some Asian populations, but are distance due to mutations. So not only do they have physical just the physical appearances.
With that being said, what was the life expectancy of the average enslaved African in the 13 colonies?
There’s not doubts. It lacks understanding of world history.
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