Ego death and the related term "ego loss" have been defined in the context of
mysticism by the religious studies scholar Daniel Mekur as "an imageless experience in which there is no sense of personal identity. It is the experience that remains possible in a state of extremely deep trance when the ego-functions of reality-testing, sense-perception, memory, reason, fantasy and self-representation are repressed [...] Muslim Sufis call it
fana ('annihilation'),
[note 3] and medieval Jewish kabbalists termed it 'the kiss of death'".
[16]
Carter Phipps equates enlightenment and ego death, which he defines as "the renunciation, rejection and, ultimately, the death of the need to hold on to a separate, self-centered existence.
[17][note 4]
In
Jungian psychology, Ventegodt and Merrick define ego death as "a fundamental transformation of the psyche. Such a shift in personality has been labeled an "ego death" in Buddhism or a psychic death by
Jung.
[19]
In comparative mythology, ego death is the second phase of Joseph Campbell's description of
The Hero's Journey,
[4][5][6][3] which includes a phase of separation, transition, and incorporation.
[6] The second phase is a phase of self-surrender and ego-death, where-after the hero returns to enrich the world with his discoveries.
[4][5][6][3]
In psychedelic culture, Leary, Metzner & Alpert (1964) define ego death, or ego loss as they call it, as part of the (symbolic) experience of death in which the old ego must die before one can be spiritually reborn.
[13] They define Ego loss as "... complete transcendence − beyond words, beyond space−time, beyond self. There are no visions, no sense of self, no thoughts. There are only pure awareness and ecstatic freedom".
[13][20]
Several psychologists working on psychedelics have defined ego-death. Alnaes (1964) defines ego-death as "[L]oss of ego-feeling.".
[10] Stanislav Grof (1988) defines it as "a sense of total annihilation [...] This experience of "ego death" seems to entail an instant merciless destruction of all previous reference points in the life of the individual [...] [E]go death means an irreversible end to one's philosophical identification with what
Alan Watts called "skin-encapsulated ego".
[21] The psychologist John Harrison (2010) defines "[T]emporary ego death [as the] loss of the separate self[,] or, in the affirmative, [...] a deep and profound merging with the transcendent other.
[11] Johnson, Richards & Griffiths (2008), paraphrasing Leary
et al. and Grof define ego death as "temporarily experienc[ing] a complete loss of subjective self-identity.
[1]