In 1999, as the world was prepping for Y2K, another, less heralded innovation in the world of computers was about to
change the music business: “
Napster launched in 1999, and over the next three years tens of millions of music fans eagerly (and by today’s standards, incredibly slowly) downloaded oft-mistagged, low-bitrate mp3 versions of new music to their hard drives, and shared what they’d ripped themselves with software like the WinAmp player.”
The industry would never be the same.
The illegal copying and sharing of music wasn’t new, of course. Back in 1969, bootlegs from three legendary rock artists were released within a few months of one another. In July came
Great White Wonder, a bootleg of Bob Dylan demos and outtakes; September brought The Beatles’
Kum Back, an early mix of
Let It Be; and a Rolling Stones concert from November became
Live’r Than You’ll Ever Be, one of the first recordings of a live show.
Over the years, as technology improved, bootlegs appeared on cassettes and CDs, some even making their way to independent record shops. 2Pac, who was known to
confront vendors that illegally sold his albums, addressed it on the track “Guess Who’s Back” off 1993’s
Strictly 4 My N.I.G.G.A.Z.: “
Everybody’s got a mic now, it’s like a hobby/But more like a job ’cause bootleggers tryin’ to rob me!”
Before the Internet, the bootlegging of hip-hop albums had been contained to specific locations, most especially inner cities, far from the
suburbs where kids frequented malls and paid upwards of $20 for an album. You couldn’t get a DJ Clue tape at The Wall or Sam Goody.
But by 1999,
all of that changed: “
Before Napster, a leaked album had caused only localized damage. Now it was a catastrophe. Universal rolled out its albums with heavy promotion and expensive marketing blitzes: videos, radio spots, television campaigns, and appearances on late-night TV. The availability of pre-release music on the Internet interfered with this schedule, upsetting months of work by publicity teams and leaving the artists feeling betrayed.”
Technology was exploding and everyone was scrambling just to keep up.
The music industry, petrified that the eggs laid by its golden goose were being swiped from under them (and rightfully so), initially went into damage control. Instead of adapting its approach and trying to get in front of this new world of technology, it doubled down on its existing business practices, hoping that the problem could be contained and, ultimately, overcome.
The Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) sued Napster. Metallic sued Napster. Dr. Dre sued Napster. For its part, Napster not only fought back, but also sponsored tours featuring Limp Bizkit and Cypress Hill.
But those were the exceptions. Most artists and labels believed that if enough of the album that was for sale were different from the version that leaked, it would force people to still go to the store and buy the updated version, thus negating the impact that Napster and other sites had.
But this approach was misguided for a few reasons. First, it overstated just how many individuals were involved on the various file sharing sites. Most people were still not part of the P2P sharing community, so they would still have bought those albums anyway. Also, a large portion of people that were on Napster still wanted physical copies of albums, with the proper track orders and gapless playback, actual discs to play and booklets with linear notes to look at and read. Finally, it ignored the fact that those people on Napster and other sites were big music fans that were now being exposed to artists with which they
may not have previously been familiar:
“
Many Napster users say that having access to so much new music encourages them to buy more CD’s.”
That would ultimately change, of course, but the shift from physical to digital was a gradual one that occurred over years, not overnight. And the industry would eventually catch up and incorporate the ‘net as a major part of its strategy, but it would be years before that happened. In 1999, when all of this was new and no one really knew how to react, the decision was made to change three prominent hip-hop albums at the last moment before they were pressed and shipped.
And all three were weaker as a result.
.
.
For Nas, who was once anointed “the next Rakim,” the leaking of his album was an especially devastating blow, one that nearly ruined his career. After the underground greatness of
Illmatic and the commercial success of
It Was Written, Nas had intended his third album,
I Am…The Autobiography, to be an ambitious, sprawling double disc – the first following him from birth to suicide, the second chronicling his return to Earth as a Jesus-like prophet.
This version of the album received rave reviews, including four-and-a-half mics from
The Source, but about half of the album leaked online and Nas or Columbia Records (or both) decided to scrap the double album idea, remove numerous songs, record a few new ones, including the Puff Daddy-featured “Hate Me Now,” and release
I Am… as a single disc that understandably sounds schizophrenic and contradictory.
And the second disc? Well, Nas can’t blame
the suits at Columbia for Nastradamus:
“
When it was time to release the second half of the disc, which was now called Nastradamus, he went against Columbia’s wishes to release the previously leaked material which was supposed to have been on the second disc to I Am…The Autobiography. For whatever reason, Nas decided to scrap those songs entirely and re-record a whole new album in less than seven months. This was a big mistake as it was critically panned and is widely considered as his worst album.”
Many of the remaining unreleased songs would wind up on the heralded compilation
The Lost Tapes and over the past decade-and-a-half fans have cobbled together
their own versions of the original double album (I’m actually listening to mine as I type this) while at the same time wondering
what could have been.