Props to all for the info in this thread, I don't know nearly enough about Nigeria and Niger.
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Marvel @
Don Drogo @
2Quik4UHoes do you guys know if there are any works (books, essays, articles...) about how Africa would look like if boundaries were more in line with the actual tribes/ethic groups on the ground? Not that I think it will ever happen, just out of curiosity.
Good question. I also want to point out that people have to also realize is that certain tribes were under the same kingdom together and shared cultures and customs. So tribes are not always the problem, but different cultures. Since the formation of Nigeria it has become harder for those groups to maintain their identity within their former kingdoms as a mindset. People are becoming increasingly fragmented. For example, the Benin empire which in the mid-western region has numerous tribes, but since British influence they have had some infighting due to the instability that Nigeria creates.
These regions were created by the British to ensure northern Hausa/Fulani dominance by giving them an even larger territory....more below.
1960-1963
The western region was mostly Yoruba and Bini people up until 1963 when the Bini people decided to breakaway and form the mid-western region. The Eastern region is Biafra which is mostly Igbo and Ijaw. They share some cultural ties and most Ijaws speak Igbo due to centuries of trading with each other, intermarriage is also common in areas where they border each other. Since the war, the Ijaw have been fighting with the government on and off due to oil pollution that has destroyed their fishing communities and land thus strengthening their identity. The Northern region is a blur. It has a lot of different tribes and is split among Christian and Muslim. The bottom half of the northern region is the middle belt (Tivi, Berom, Igala, etc.) are mostly Christian which had a political alliance with the upper half (Hausa, Fulani, Kunari, etc) which is mostly Muslim until recently due to serious clashes and rioting that has occurred since 1999. This northern alliance until recently ensured the northern dominance.
So in essence, the most accurate map you will see for the split of Nigeria is the 1963-1967 map leading up to the civil war except that the northern region would be split in half as the middle belt now hates the upper north with the force of a thousand suns. Even though the middle belt fought and died on the behalf upper north during the civil war. The middle belt has since regretted being involved in the war against Biafra which they consider to be their biggest mistake.
Proposed countries
Northern region
- upper half - Arewa (Hausa, Fulani, Kunari, etc)
- lower half - ??? (Tivi, Berom, Igala, etc.)
Western region
- Oduduwa (Yoruba and their brethren Egba, Awori, etc)
Mid-western region
- Benin Republic (Edo people)
Eastern Region
-Biafra (Igbo, Efik, Annanf, Ibibio, and Ijaw)
Alternatives
- western and mid-western region may merge although its unlikely as there is history of beefs before colonialism although they share some similarities.
- eastern region may splinter off away from Ijaw areas since the rise of militancy the last few years among the Ijaws against the government. This has helped them create an independent identity from the rest of Biafra but it is out of necessity for now. Ijaws and Igbos have no beefs with each other as both support each others struggles.
I am not too familiar with other groups struggles outside of Nigeria. I know that a county like DR Congo have issues. I am sure that a break up of Nigeria will cause other countries in Africa to reconsider their boundaries. It is no different than the liberation movements in Europe during the enlightenment period. It will spread like wildfire. The US Africom I am sure was formed to take advantage of an unstable Africa in the event of wars and conflicts break out. There is no doubt that the West will be there to try and exploit the people again which is my biggest fear in the Biafran struggle.