The Soviet Union's failure and mismanagement of resources in Afghanistan was a big part in its fall - American resources and intervention was greatly present. History looks like it's repeating one way or another with the US on the other side.
They said before Rome and Babylon and other great civilizations fell they spent a lot of time and energy on debating people's morals and their sexuality. You look at America and we currently have nikkas seeming willing to die for their right to use the ladies room.
Historically it came down to dividing the pie when the Russians left. Everything was gravy for a second. General Massoud, the head of the northern alliance, wanted a united board to loosely govern and keep things relatively secular.
Bin laden didn’t like Massoud and put the battery in another general’s back. They were funded by the ISI (Pakistan’s CIA). They were supposed to meet up but the other general said “fukkallat!”.
That part of the mujahideen, mostly Pashtun, became the Taliban. Massoud, the northerners, and the western ethnicities became the northern alliance. A civil war broke out that came to a stalemate south of panjshir and Mazir-e-sharif. Most of the world powers, from India, Russia, to the us/Canada, UK, etc funded the northern alliance.
Pakistan and the beginnings of Al queda funded the Taliban The UK and others provided training while the US and Canada provided arms. It lasted until 2 days before 9/11 when Massoud was assasinated in a suicide bombing planned by Bin laden and another Saudi.
The Russians were totally defeated and ran the fukk off. The hit the tunnel and never looked back. The country would have been on the right track if it wasn’t for the greed of the Pashtun side of the mujahideen and the resulting civil war. Everyone else wanted to chill in their own areas, the Pashtun decided to dominate. They are also the ones who mostly surrendered to the recent Taliban takeover.
It had nothing to do with mismanagement of anything.