Going back a little farther in history, African countries colonized parts of Europe, the Middle East and Asia as their kingdoms expanded. The Moors alone were running parts of Southern Europe for 700 years up until the 15th century.
But it wasn't colonization like we know it today. It was the result of African expansion and most of the time the country being colonized embraced it because the African countries would bring their advanced systems to the colonized, which gave them access to social benefits that were not available in their local context (advanced farming techniques, advanced building techniques, advanced water cultivating techniques, etc).
But all this come into your country, kill the men, rape the women, enslave the children, exploit the entirety of your land and culture for power and resources--that was the Arab and the European.
Mind you some of this is BC-era into the middle ages, not so much the 19th century.