They are stand ins for MLK and Malcom X. Chris Claremont is Jewish so of course when he started writing he envisioned Jews and the, then new state of Israel, as stand ins for Xavier and Magneto. X-Men itself was born during the civil rights era and was a reflection of that time in America and its racism towards black people.Folk are saying, "Magneto is Malcolm", but that seems to be an urban legend. The writer who gave Magneto a sympathetic backstory and made him more than just a villain is a White Jewish guy who says that Magneot was actually inspired by Menachem Begin, the leader of the Zionist terrorist group Jewish Defense League who later rose to power and became Prime Minister of Israel.
Professor X & Magneto Were NOT Based On Martin Luther King & Malcolm X
Actually, Stan Lee Didn’t Base Marvel’s Prof. X & Magneto on Malcolm X & Martin Luther King Jr.
Professor X is not based on MLK Jr. and is nothing like him.
MLK practiced ideological nonviolence, while Professor X is just a typical American neoliberal who thinks he can wield violence as a tool. Yet at the same time MLK was extremely militant and willing to force his vision through, whereas Professor X comparatively is far more passive until circumstances give him no choice.
The writer of the series said Professor X is actually based on David Ben-Gurion, the founder and first Prime Minister of Israel.
Seeing how MLK's vision turned out? What does that even mean? America as it is was never MLK's vision - he got the first steps done but was killed long before the vast majority of his vision was realized (and if you blame him for his vision failing, then you have to blame Malcolm for the exact same failure).
So while Claremont may be the most prolific writer of X-Men, he didn't create it. Its actual creators drew from what was happening at the time.