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I'd go with the subatomic "frontier", especially if it meant maybe finally proving string theory, multiple dimensions and finally "breaking down the code" that all other frontiers are dependent upon.
If you could only pick ONE "frontier" for the human race to focus on...
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WaveCapsByOscorp™
2021 Grammy Award Winner
i'll say number 3. mostly because that's a study of ourselves, how we function from a psychological standpoint. and if the studying is truly designed to get a better understanding of the processes, it would be similar to someone trying to master their inner thoughts and emotions. with complete control over yourself and complete understanding, there's almost nothing you can't do beyond that...
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number 2 easily.
Clapsteel O'Neal
put a red dot on your head like a hindu
I would say 2 because it would see the most immediate and widespread impact on the general life imo
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Sub-atomic understanding == energy
You're talking about discoveries that might finally allow nano-nuclear energy that happens to be safe and mobile.
Or understanding even more about charges, energy and particles to the point of finally truly harnessing solar energy.
and all that could help things like space travel
Your list seems a bit odd but I suppose what you're asking if what direction of scientific development/research do we think will be fruitful for humans to focus on.
I wouldn't want humanity as a whole to focus on a single direction. This is because there's so much cross fertilisation, with a discovery in one area having unintended applications elsewhere. Without the other areas to provide additional support and grounds for new directions any single area on its own will be extremely handicapped. This is particularly so in engineering and physics. There are tons of obscure mathematical results about abstract constructs which turned out to be essential for understanding physics like quantum mechanics, which led to computers, lasers, nuclear power etc. If everyone changed to working on say rocket technology we wouldn't get to colonising the solar system as quickly compared to if just more people did scientific research.
Anyway, If I had to pick some area of science which I think will become more and more important to humanity over the next century I'd say it's biochemistry. The 20th century was the domain of physics - rockets, computers, lasers, nuclear power etc. Given those tools physics has provided we can now sequence DNA almost overnight for a few thousand dollars a person. We can (almost) model how proteins work in the human body, how viruses work, how to use gene therapy on diseases. The development of machines to do some of the functions of the human body, like returning sight or hearing to people who lost them. Cosmology, subatomic physics etc will continue but the theories have raced on so far past our ability to test significantly it's difficult to see them undergoing the same sort of massive revolution they have in the past any time soon. Plus they will not deliver the same life changing benefits that bio-technology will. Nanotechnology could but it's still on the drawing board for the most part, bio-tech is beginning to take off in a massive way. Space technology will become more everyday I expect, given all the private companies now developing launch capabilities, but it'll remain out of reach of almost everyone for decades.
Understanding how the human body works, from the cellular level in our brains up to possibly replacing or augmenting entire body parts, is something which is beginning to gather pace. The other things I mentioned will have massive impact too but they are further down the road.