How Asian-American Leaders Are Grappling With Xenophobia Amid Coronavirus vs Black History

[Ish Gibor]

After listening to Jason Black on 3-29-2020: Asia: Taking Both Sides of The Argument. I have this question, that needs to be discussed.


Can someone explain to me how Asians (Chinese) are equally the victims of marginalization, disfranchisement etc. all throughout American history, as this author Matt Stevens is claiming?

He claimed that Asians have been targeted by hate crimes for decades etc. So we have to pull up some stats to see if he is lying or not. I start with Hate Crimes, since that goes directly into the argument of xenophobia.

How Asian-American Leaders Are Grappling With Xenophobia Amid Coronavirus

"As Asian-Americans face racist attacks and President Trump has tied the virus to China, community and political leaders have tried to comfort constituents. But even they admit to feeling unnerved."

See the link here, article in the New York Times:
How Asian-American Leaders Are Grappling With Xenophobia Amid Coronavirus

FBI, Hate crime statistics comparison.


2004

67.5 percent resulted from an anti-black bias,

Slightly more than 5 percent (5.2) of racially motivated incidents were driven by an anti-Asian or Pacific Islander bias

Hate Crime 2004 Section 1

2005

"67.9 percent were victims of an anti-black bias.”

"4.9 percent were victims of an anti-Asian/Pacific Islander bias."

Hate Crime 2005


2006

"66.4 percent were victims of an offender’s anti-black bias.”

"4.8 percent were victims of an anti-Asian/Pacific Islander bias."

Hate Crime 2006


2007

"69.3 percent were victims of an offender’s anti-black bias”.

"4.7 percent were victims of an anti-Asian/Pacific Islander bias".

Hate Crime 2007


2008

"72.9 percent were victims of an offender’s anti-black bias.”

"4.7 percent were victims of an anti-Asian/Pacific Islander bias".

Hate Crime 2008


2009

"71.5 percent were victims because of an offender’s anti-black bias”

"3.7 percent were victims because of an anti-Asian/Pacific Islander bias".

Hate Crime 2009


2010

"70.0 percent were victims of an offender’s anti-black bias”.

"5.1 percent were victims of an anti-Asian/Pacific Islander bias".

Victims

Table 1


2011

"71.9 percent were victims of an offender’s anti-black bias.’

"4.8 percent were victims of an anti-Asian/Pacific Islander bias".

Victims

Table 1


2012

"66.2 percent were victims of an offender’s anti-black bias".

"4.1 percent were victims of an anti-Asian/Pacific Islander bias".

Victims

Table 1


2013

"66.5 percent were victims of crimes motivated by their offenders’ anti-Black or African American bias.”

"4.6 percent were victims of anti-Asian bias".

Victims

Table 1


2014

"62.7 percent were victims of crimes motivated by their offenders’ anti-Black or African American bias".

"6.2 percent were victims of anti-Asian bias".

Victims

Table 1


2015

"52.2 percent were victims of crimes motivated by their offenders’ anti-Black or African American bias".

"3.2 percent were victims of anti-Asian bias".

Victims

Table 1


2016

"50.2 percent were victims of crimes motivated by their offenders’ anti-Black or African American bias".

"3.1 percent were victims of anti-Asian bias".

Victims

Table 1



2017

"48.6 percent were victims of crimes motivated by their offenders’ anti-Black or African American bias.”

"3.3 percent were victims of anti-Asian bias".

Victims

Table 1

2018

“47.1 percent were victims of crimes motivated by offenders’ anti-Black or African American bias“

"3.4 percent were victims of anti-Asian bias".

Victims

Table 1

 

[get these nets]

After listening to Jason Black on 3-29-2020: Asia: Taking Both Sides of The Argument. I have this question, that needs to be discussed.

Can someone explain to me how Asians (Chinese) are equally the victims of marginalization, disfranchisement etc. all throughout American history, as this author Matt Stevens is claiming?

He claimed that Asians have been targeted by hate crimes for decades etc. So we have to pull up some stats to see if he is lying or not. I start with Hate Crimes, since that goes directly into the argument of xenophobia.

The answer is yes...if I'm reading the question correctly.. and why would you look up bias crime stats from the 21st century to confirm/refute the author's claim of anti-Asian bias/discrimination for decades?

Jason Black and youtubers of that ilk are clowns and a bad source for accurate information.



I'll be back with a longer answer with the source.

 

[Ish Gibor]

The answer is yes...if I'm reading the question correctly.. and why would you look up bias crime stats from the 21st century to confirm/refute the author's claim of anti-Asian bias/discrimination for decades?

Jason Black and youtubers of that ilk are clowns and a bad source for accurate information.


I'll be back with a longer answer with the source.

I looked up as far as in recent times. The purpose is that people add on to this.

I am about to post more sources on crime statistics, that shows the disfranchisement and marginalization, and difference between the groups.

With the verified data we know that in the past 15 years they didn’t fall victim, like Black people. We can take it further from there (here).

 

[get these nets]

I looked up as far as in recent times. The purpose is that people add on to this.

I am about to post more sources on crime statistics, that shows the disfranchisement and marginalization between the groups.

I read the article and there was not one comparison made to the treatment of Black people in this country.

Not a single line.
Did this guy really mine that NYT article for 2 hours worth of content? and did he really attempt to say that the author was comparing asian american history to that of AAs?

Took me 3 minutes to read the article. It mentions the two central things....Exclusion Act of 1882, basically barring Chinese immigration and the internment camps that Japanese Americans were placed in during WW2.
If you took American history in high school, you've read about both events. What would modern hate crime stats tell you about xenophobia towards asians that these 2 events, and the public sentiment that drove them not tell you?

 

[Ish Gibor]

I read the article and there was not one comparison made to the treatment of Black people in this country.

Not a single line.
Did this guy really mine that NYT article for 2 hours worth of content? and did he really attempt to say that the author was comparing asian american history to that of AAs?

Took me 3 minutes to read the article. It mentions the two central things....Exclusion Act of 1882, basically barring Chinese immigration and the internment camps that Japanese Americans were placed in during WW2.
If you took American history in high school, you've read about both events. What would modern hate crime stats tell you about xenophobia towards asians that these 2 events, and the public sentiment that drove them not tell you?

The guy is trying to make it as if Asians have been the victims of marginalization and stigmatization. There is where he made the comparison. This doesn’t mean he has to mention the word Black. The argument he made is so that Asians need to be compensated (reparations) for something that happened within the last few weeks-months. Whereas Black Americans have been ignored for the justice claim of reparations. He claimed that Asians have been treated so horrible (as model minorities). Yet, when we look (evaluate) history we don’t see what he claims. Meanwhile we do see this in the Black experience.

You say you read it within 3 minutes, and that right there is the problem. You need to take time and think things over, before responding.

What is claimed here is utter nonsense.

“After enduring decades of exclusion, racism and discrimination that include some of the darkest chapters of American history, Asian-Americans entered 2020 with reason for optimism on the political front.

A wave of second-generation Asian-Americans had come of age, sparking hope that they could help break voter turnout records in the fall.

And three people with roots in the diaspora had run for the country’s highest office during the same cycle, with one of them, Andrew Yang, energizing Asian-American votersin a fashion seldom seen before.”
~Matt Stevens


"White Americans’ Hold on Wealth Is Old, Deep, and Nearly Unshakeable

White families quickly recuperated financial losses after the Civil War, and then created a Jim Crow credit system to bring more white families into money.

It will end up costing the U.S. economy as much as $1 trillion between now and 2028 for the nation to maintain its longstanding black-white racial wealth gap, according to a report released this month from the global consultancy firm McKinsey & Company. That will be roughly 4 percent of the United States GDP in 2028—just the conservative view, assuming that the wealth growth rates of African Americans will outpace white wealth growth at its current clip of 3 percent to .8 percent annually, said McKinsey. If the gap widens, however, with white wealth growing at a faster rate than black wealth instead, it could end up costing the U.S. $1.5 trillion or 6 percent of GDP according to the firm.

“Despite the progress black families have made in civic and economic life since the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, they face systemic and cumulative barriers on the road to wealth building due to discrimination, poverty, and a shortage of social connections,” reads the report, “as both mechanisms and results of racial economic inequity.”

Crucial to understanding how to close that gap—such that it can actually be closed—is grappling with how it was created in the first place. The McKinsey report identifies four components that perpetuate this gap—family wealth, family income, family savings, and community context (a community’s collective public and private assets). Black families have not been able to build wealth due to “unmet needs and obstacles” across these four dimensions.

That’s the deficit-lens on the problem as it pertains to black families. But it’s worth looking at how each of those components also played a huge role in boosting white families’ financial standing to begin with. The wealth, income, and savings that white families accumulated during slavery supplied the economic thew that catapulted them into elite affluent status during the country’s first two centuries of existence. But it was community context and creative credit machinations that helped white families maintain that status over the ensuing two centuries, putting into doubt whether a closure of the black-white racial wealth gap is even possible given these deeply entrenched advantages.

Community context and connections

A study on the transfer of wealth from Southern slaveholding families to their children helps explain how these advantages came about. Strikingly, the inheritance of actual material profits from the slavery-based economy isn’t the culprit some suppose. The economists Leah Platt Boustan of Princeton University; Katherine Eriksson of the University of California, Davis; and Philipp Ager of the University of Southern Denmark found in their study, “The Intergenerational Effects of a Large Wealth Shock: White Southerners After the Civil War,” that white resilience to economic catastrophe has been almost impenetrable.

According to the study, the largest slaveholding families in the South took a huge hit after the Civil War—a 38 percent drop at the median and a 75 percent loss among the top wealthiest families between 1860, a peak year for slavery profits, and 1870. But by 1880, many of the sons of those families had already recovered that wealth. By 1900, the sons of the richest slaveholders had not only financially recovered but were wealthier than the sons of families who were just as wealthy before the Civil War, but from mostly non-slaveholding assets and activities.

It took just one generation for white slaveholding families to regain their riches, and this rebound was not due to an inheritance of slavery profits. Much of that was devoured by the war, emancipation, and regressive crop productivity in the South after the war. Nor was the recovery owed to an inheritance of entrepreneurial skills, which the study ruled out because of the drastic transition of the economy from agricultural-based to industrial-based.

“Even destroying the capital stock or temporarily expropriating the land of wealthy households would not have been enough to prevent their sons from experiencing full recovery.”

The Southern dollar rally might have had something to do with those slaveholders’ sons marrying into wealthier families. But most of the wealth recovered by slaveholders’ children came from occupation-based earnings. The most likely explanation for the restoration of their wealth, according to the study, is the “role of social networks in facilitating employment opportunities and access to credit”—or, in other words, community context. The wealthy slaveholding families were cozy enough with the wealthy families who weren’t totally in the slavery business to leverage their relationships into preservation of their elite status.

“We think the most likely explanation for the rapid recovery of slaveholders’ sons is that slaveholding families were embedded in social networks that facilitated adjustments to wartime losses,” reads the study. One critical adjustment facilitated in this respect was credit, which was “surprising in light of the fact that slave collateral formed the basis for nearly all southern credit relations and was completely wiped out after emancipation.”

Also wiped out were, in some cases, the land and plantations themselves, which were the final major appreciable assets that some former slaveholding families possessed after the war. The study examines General William T. Sherman’s “March to the Sea” and his “Special Field Order No. 15,” which directed Union troops to destroy and confiscate Confederate family homes, businesses, and properties along the Carolina and Georgia coasts. The households targeted and toppled by Sherman’s troops lost considerable wealth, on top of losing their slaveholding assets. But by 1880, those same ransacked families had financially recuperated. By that year, their wealth had even surpassed that of the wealthy families of neighboring counties that Sherman did not invade.

“Results suggest that even destroying the capital stock or temporarily expropriating the land of wealthy households would not have been enough to prevent their sons from experiencing full recovery in a generation,” reads the study.

Those coastal families achieved recovery through the same means that other white former-slaveholding families achieved it throughout the South: via their connections to those commandeering capital and finance in the post-Civil War milieu. Slaveholding families’ pre-war material resources and wealth did “not ultimately affect” their children’s future comeuppance, and neither did these advantages stop with their sons. By 1940, even the grandsons of former slaveholders were doing better than similarly situated non-slaveholding families, by graduating from high school and college— fairly uncommon in the South at the time—and settling securely into white-collar jobs.

“Jim Crow Credit”

The 1940s were also the period when white families were able to further enhance their wealth prospects through new credit and finance instruments created as part of the New Deal. At this point, white families and farm owners were taking advantage of loans created by what was then called the Federal Housing Administration and the Farm Security Administration to leverage their way into wealth. Whereas before the Civil War, mortgages and credit were collateralized on the backs of enslaved Africans as properties, by 1940 white families could obtain mortgages and credit collateralized by land, houses, and farms. And they didn’t have to come from wealthy families or be wealthy themselves to obtain this financing.

African American farmers and families, meanwhile, were unable to establish the wealth that former slaveholding families were re-establishing, nor were they able to access the FHA and FSA loans at the same rates as whites. The Atlantic’s Vann Newkirk describes in his story “The Great Land Robbery” how black farmers lost their land and farms during this time period:

While most of the black land loss appears on its face to have been through legal mechanisms—“the tax sale; the partition sale; and the foreclosure”—it mainly stemmed from illegal pressures, including discrimination in federal and state programs, swindles by lawyers and speculators, unlawful denials of private loans, and even outright acts of violence or intimidation. Discriminatory loan servicing and loan denial by white-controlled [Farmers Home Administration] and [Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service] committees forced black farmers into foreclosure, after which their property could be purchased by wealthy landowners, almost all of whom were white. […]
~Brentin Mock; September 20, 2019
The Amazing Resiliency of White Wealth - CityLab

 

[Ish Gibor]

I read the article and there was not one comparison made to the treatment of Black people in this country.

Not a single line.
Did this guy really mine that NYT article for 2 hours worth of content? and did he really attempt to say that the author was comparing asian american history to that of AAs?

Took me 3 minutes to read the article. It mentions the two central things....Exclusion Act of 1882, basically barring Chinese immigration and the internment camps that Japanese Americans were placed in during WW2.
If you took American history in high school, you've read about both events. What would modern hate crime stats tell you about xenophobia towards asians that these 2 events, and the public sentiment that drove them not tell you?

All this fictional history of being a victim, is lingered in what has happened within the past few months. There is no historical data that backs this up for decades! They should not use these narratives and leach off of Black suffering.

“And then along came the coronavirus — a pandemic that unleashed a torrent of hate and violence as bigots blamed Asian-Americans for the outbreak. In recent weeks, they have been yelled at, spit on, physically attacked and more, leading at least three organizations to begin tracking the episodes. Hundreds of people have filed reports, the groups say, though an untold number of incidents have most likely gone uncounted as victims have chosen to keep quiet.”
~Matt Stevens

Where the hell is the Reparations for Black people?

The Black experience!

Racial Violence in the United States Since 1660

Antebellum Urban Violence

Christina (Pennsylvania) Riot, 1851
Cincinnati Riots, 1829
Cincinnati Race Riots, 1836
The Pennsylvania Hall Fire, 1838

Civil War, Reconstruction, and Post-Reconstruction Era Violence

Detroit Race Riot, 1863
New York City Draft Riots, 1863
Memphis Riot, 1866
New Orleans Massacre, 1866
Pulaski Race Riot, 1868
Opelousas Massacre, 1868
The Meridian Race Riot, 1871
Chicot County Race War, 1871
The Colfax Massacre, 1873
Clinton (Mississippi) Riot, 1875
Hamburg Massacre, 1876
Carroll County Courthouse Massacre, 1886
Thibodaux Massacre, 1887
New Orleans Dockworkers’ Riot, 1894-1895
Wilmington Race Riot, 1898
Newburg, New York Race Riot, 1899

Race Riots, 1900-1960

Robert Charles Riot (New Orleans), 1900
New York City Race Riot, 1900
Atlanta Race Riot, 1906
Springfield, Illinois Race Riot, 1908
East St. Louis Race Riot, 1917
Chester, Pennsylvania Race Riot, 1917
Houston Mutiny and Race Riot, 1917
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Race Riot, 1918
Charleston (South Carolina) Riot, 1919
Washington, D.C. Riot, 1919
Chicago Race Riot, 1919
Knoxville Race Riot, 1919
Elaine, Arkansas Riot, 1919
Tulsa Race Riot, 1921
Rosewood Massacre, 1923
Harlem Race Riot, 1935
Beaumont Race Riot, 1943
Detroit Race Riot, 1943

Urban Uprisings, 1960-2000

Cambridge, Maryland Riot, 1963
The Harlem Race Riot, 1964
Rochester Rebellion, 1964
Jersey City Uprising, 1964
Paterson, New Jersey Uprising, 1964
Elizabeth, New Jersey Uprising, 1964
Chicago (Dixmoor) Riots, 1964
Philadelphia Race Riot, 1964
Watts Rebellion (Los Angeles), 1965
Cleveland’s Hough Riots, 1966
Chicago, Illinois Uprising, 1966
The Dayton, Ohio Uprising, 1966
Hunter’s Point, San Francisco Uprising, 1966
Newark Race Riot, 1967
Plainfield, New Jersey Riot, 1967
Detroit Race Riot, 1967
Flint, Michigan Riot, 1967
Tuscon Race Riot, 1967
Grand Rapids, Michigan Uprising, 1967
The King Assassination Riots, 1968
Hartford, Connecticut Riot, 1969
Asbury Park Race Riot, 1970
Camden, New Jersey Riots, 1969 and 1971
Miami (Liberty City) Riot, 1980
Crown Heights (Brooklyn) New York Riot, 1991
Rodney King Riot, 1992
West Las Vegas Riot, 1992
St. Petersburg, Florida Riot, 1996

College Campus Violence

University of Georgia Desegregation Riot, 1961
Ole Miss Riot, 1962
Houston (Texas Southern University) Riot, 1967
Orangeburg Massacre, 1968
Jackson State Killings, 1970


Exclusive: Lee Atwater’s Infamous 1981 Interview on the Southern Strategy

“You start out in 1954 by saying, “N-word, n-word, n-word.” By 1968 you can’t say “n-word”—that hurts you, backfires. So you say stuff like, uh, forced busing, states’ rights, and all that stuff, and you’re getting so abstract. Now, you’re talking about cutting taxes, and all these things you’re talking about are totally economic things and a byproduct of them is, blacks get hurt worse than whites.… “We want to cut this,” is much more abstract than even the busing thing, uh, and a hell of a lot more abstract than “N-word, n-word.”

 

[get these nets]

Thanks for confirming my beliefs about the audiences for these Youtubers.

Will be placing you on ignore now.

 

[Ish Gibor]

Thanks for confirming my beliefs about the audiences for these Youtubers.

Will be placing you on ignore now.

Thanks for showing me your ignorance. And yes, I am on YouTube watching academic (science) channels, where stuff is being discussed that exceeds your level of comprehension.

Here is more of his fiction!

“Some of those interviewed expressed cautious hope that the events of the past several weeks might unite the sprawling and diverse Asian-American community in a productive way that could build on the political momentum that has been bubbling in recent years.”
~Matt Stevens

There is not such thing that happened within recent years, as I have shown in the opening post, which you ignored. All that happened was, them trying to dismantle Affirmative Action, so they could benefit from it and not the group for who this was meant. That is the ultimate form of xenophobia.

Within the recent years this is what Black people have gone through. And they are nowhere near any of these statistics!

Young black men again faced highest rate of US police killings in 2016


STUDY: 5 Of 10 Falsely Convicted Prisoners Are African American

The University of Michigan Law School and Northwestern University School of Law worked together to compile the data, for which they collected detailed information on 873 exonerations. Nearly 1,200 additional exonerations were identified by the researchers, although there is less data for those.

Out of the false convictions for homicides and sex crimes examined by the Big Ten university researchers, DNA evidence proved to be the kicker. Among the 305 charged with sexual assaults, about two-thirds of exonerations came by DNA testing.
STUDY: 5 Of 10 Falsely Convicted Prisoners Are African American



• Laboratory shooter tasks have yielded mixed results regarding racial shooter biases

• This study reports a meta-analysis of racial shooter biases

• Shooter biases were significant for shooting threshold and reaction time

• State level gun laws and proportion of non-Whites moderated shooter biases

• Implications for training of police officers and gun owners are discussed

Abstract

The longstanding issue of extrajudicial police shootings of racial and ethnic minority members has received unprecedented interest from the general public in the past year. To better understand this issue, researchers have examined racial shooter biases in the laboratory for more than a decade; however, shooter biases have been operationalized in multiple ways in previous studies with mixed results within and across measures. We meta-analyzed 42 studies, investigating five operationalizations of shooter biases (reaction time with/without a gun, false alarms, shooting sensitivity, and shooting threshold) and relevant moderators (e.g., racial prejudice, state level gun laws). Our results indicated that relative to White targets, participants were quicker to shoot armed Black targets (dav = -.13, 95% CI [-.19, -.06]), slower to not shoot unarmed Black targets (dav = .11, 95% CI [.05, .18), and more likely to have a liberal shooting threshold for Black targets (dav = -.19, 95% CI [-.37, -.01]). In addition, we found that in states with permissive (vs. restrictive) gun laws, the false alarm rate for shooting Black targets was higher and the shooting threshold for shooting Black targets was lower than for White targets. These results help provide critical insight into the psychology of race-based shooter decisions, which may have practical implications for intervention (e.g., training police officers) and prevention of the loss of life of racial and ethnic minorities.“
~Yara Mekawi, Konrad Bresin, Volume 61, November 2015, Pages 120-130
“Is the Evidence from Racial Bias Shooting Task Studies a Smoking Gun? Results From a Meta-Analysis”
Is the evidence from racial bias shooting task studies a smoking gun? Results from a meta-analysis - ScienceDirect


“A Multi-Level Bayesian Analysis of Racial Bias in Police Shootings at the County-Level in the United States, 2011–2014”
~CT Ross - 2015
http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0141854&type=printable

“The NYPD paid out $75 million in police corruption and false arrest. The number of false arrests made amounted to 900,000.* This story barely saw any media coverage because of the inauguration."
Shaun King Shares His New Series On The NYPD Corruption Cases

“Comparing Black and White Drug Offenders: Implications for Racial Disparities in Criminal Justice and Reentry Policy and Programming”
Comparing Black and White Drug Offenders: Implications for Racial Disparities in Criminal Justice and Reentry Policy and Programming


“African Americans are more frequently stopped, searched, arrested, and convicted—including in cases in which they are innocent. The extreme form of this practice is systematic racial profiling in drug-law enforcement.”pp. 20-21
http://www.law.umich.edu/special/exoneration/Documents/Race_and_Wrongful_Convictions.pdf


Your love for interracial sex is irrelevant. Unlike you, I am not willing to sell Black people off, for interracial sex and small trinket.

 

[Ish Gibor]

Thanks for confirming my beliefs about the audiences for these Youtubers.

Will be placing you on ignore now.

I wonder where the Asian Brown vs the Board is (was). Or the School-to-Prison-Pipeline system?

What is this profound long and hard struggle?

Most of these people literally hoped off the plane, after Blacks fought for civil rights.

“But they also spoke of a profound sadness; despite a long struggle for hard-won educational, economic and political gains, the xenophobic attacks and political rhetoric of the last month have served as a reminder that, especially under Mr. Trump, Asian-Americans may never fully be able to shake the feeling that they are perpetual foreigners.”
~Matt Stevens

The above is crazy at best!

All I see is disrespect!

Asians suing to end Affirmative Action at Harvard
Asian-American groups say Harvard discriminates - CNN


The Trump administration’s investigations were spurred by complaints from the Asian American Coalition for Education, a relatively new organization with a goal of ending affirmative action. The group reports 20,000 individual supporters and lists more than 130 organizations as partners on its website."
GOP courts Asian-Americans with drive to end affirmative action


Kennedy - Affirmative Action speech.
“That order called for the admission of two clearly qualified young Alabama residents who happened to have been born Negro.
[...]
“The Negro baby born in America today, regardless of the section of the Nation in which he is born, has about one-half as much chance of completing a high school as a white baby born in the same place on the same day, one-third as much chance of completing college, one-third as much chance of becoming a professional man, twice as much chance of becoming unemployed, about one-seventh as much chance of earning $10,000 a year, a life expectancy which is 7 years shorter, and the prospects of earning only half as much.”
[...]
“to each other that this is a land of the free except for the Negroes; that we have no second-class citizens except Negroes; that we have no class or cast system, no ghettoes, no master race except with respect to Negroes?”
Watch: JFK's civil rights speech, 50 years ago


They haven't been disfranchised by Law, Legislation and Acts.

"However, the impressive number of Black farmers and rural landowners would drastically decrease over the 20th century. During that century, so often touted as being a groundbreaking Black civil rights movement, some 600,000 Black farmers were forced off their lands. The Nation reported that by 1975, only 45,000 Black-owned farmers remained."
~Mintpressnews
How Vast Amounts Of Land Have Been Stolen From Black Americans


"Possible mass grave from 1921 Tulsa Race Massacre found by researchers"

Experts at the University of Oklahoma believe they have found a possible mass grave site from the 1921 Tulsa Race Massacre at a city cemetery, although they are unsure how many bodies are underneath.

Geophysical scanning identified two spots at the Oaklawn Cemetery that might bear bodies of those killed in the city's race riots almost 100 years ago, Scott Hammerstedt, a senior researcher for the Oklahoma Archeological Survey, said Monday at a public hearing in Tulsa."
~Nbcnews
Possible mass grave from 1921 Tulsa Race Massacre found by researchers


Black Business Owners Face An Uphill Battle Securing Bank Loans

High Credit Scores Still Not Enough for Black Businesses to Secure Loans, Federal Reserve Data Shows

Thanks for confirming my beliefs about the audiences for these Youtubers..

Look,..

Shawn Rochester; "The Black Tax: The Cost of Being Black In America" | Talks at Google"?




What that author, Matt Stevens, did is extremely insulting and disrespectful to Black America!

 

[ORDER_66]

Man Asians have had it fukking too easy compared to all the black folks that was railroaded in history..
Let's be clear they was never counted às 3/5ths of a human being, their ancestors raped and enslaved. White people more or less turned a blind eye to them in America and gave them honorary white status.

So now white people turned against them they can't handle it all their resources and money and they crying, suck it up.

 

[Ish Gibor]

Man Asians have had it fukking too easy compared to all the black folks that was railroaded in history..
Let's be clear they was never counted às 3/5ths of a human being, their ancestors raped and enslaved. White people more or less turned a blind eye to them in America and gave them honorary white status.

So now white people turned against them they can't handle it all their resources and money and they crying, suck it up.

They had two small events that are somewhat uncomfortable, but that’s it!

They never had any laws set against them to dehumanize them. The nerve and amount of disrespect these folk have is mind boggling crazy.

He complained that they couldn't enter the USA, due to the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882.

Meanwhile this is Black history!

"Callie House is most famous for her efforts to gain reparations for former slaves and is regarded as the early leader of the reparations movement among African American political activists. Callie Guy was born a slave in Rutherford Country near Nashville, Tennessee. Her date of birth is usually assumed to be 1861, but due to the lack of birth records for slaves, this date is not certain. She was raised in a household that included her widowed mother, sister, and her sister’s husband. House received some primary school education.

At the age of 22, she married William House and moved to Nashville, where she raised five children. To support her family, House worked at home as a washerwoman and seamstress. In 1891, a pamphlet entitled Freedmen’s Pension Bill: A Plea for American Freedmen began circulating around the black communities in central Tennessee. This pamphlet, which espoused the idea of financial compensation as a means of rectifying past exploitation of slavery, persuaded House to become involved in the cause that would become her life’s work.

With the help of Isaiah dikkerson, House chartered the National Ex-Slave Mutual Relief, Bounty and Pension Association in 1898, and was named the secretary of this new organization. Eventually, House became the leader of the organization. In this position she traveled across the South, spreading the idea of reparations in every former slave state with relentless zeal. During her 1897-1899 lecture tour the association’s membership by 34,000 mainly through her efforts. By 1900, its nationwide membership was estimated to be around 300,000.

House’s activism was not without controversy. Newspapers of the time often ridiculed her efforts and the federal government attempted to arrest her and other leaders of the association. In 1916, U.S. Postmaster General A.S. Burleson sought indictments against leaders of the association claiming that they obtained money from ex-slaves by fraudulent circulars proclaiming that pensions and reparations were forthcoming. House was convicted and served time in the Jefferson City, Missouri penitentiary from November 1917 to August 1918. Callie House died from cancer in Nashville, Tennessee on June 6, 1928, at the age of 67."
Callie Guy House (ca. 1861-1928)

 

[IllmaticDelta]

Asians have been discriminated against for decades, that part is FACT but it was clearly not to the level that black people faced. Most of the time, white people didn't pay too much attention to them in areas where they had low numbers. Chinese talking how they were seen in Jim Crow era Mississippi







and

The Chinese also carved out a distinctive spot as a third element in a predominantly biracial society. White Mississippians originally classified the Chinese in the Delta on a low social par with African Americans. They were outsiders in a racially aware state. They sold their goods mostly to black customers, and they lived in black neighborhoods. Blacks and whites did not, however, see Chinese as precisely equivalent to blacks. Chinese were culturally and linguistically quite different from Mississippi African Americans, and their merchant status was above that of most blacks. The Chinese grocery was, however, a welcoming place for African Americans in the Delta: a place to sit and talk, pass the time, and even find work from landowners who would check there for available day laborers. The Chinese were middlemen between blacks and whites, often providing a needed contact point in a segregated society.

Chinese in Mississippi: An Ethnic People in a Biracial Society | Mississippi History Now

I wonder where the Asian Brown vs the Board is (was).

The Asian, Brown vs Board was: 1927's Gong Lum v. Rice in Mississippi, in which a Chinese-American girl fought for the right to attend the white school rather than the black school. The Lum family made the case that the girl wasn't black. The court ruled she wasn't white, allowing school officials to categorize children as they saw fit.

Jeu Gong Lum was part of a wave of immigrants who tried to get around the 1882 Chinese Exclusion Act (which prohibited Chinese laborers from immigrating to the U.S.) by sneaking across the Canadian border. He fled to the South, where he had a relative, and where he was less likely to be caught by patrol officers. He came to America as an adult, but married a woman who had come over as an indentured servant at age 10 or 11, Berard estimates. That woman, Katherine Wong, grew up thoroughly acclimated to the American South, socializing with white southerners at church, cooking southern food and speaking and writing English fluently.

After they married, they opened a small grocery store—a popular choice for many Chinese immigrants in the South, as it made them “merchants” and therefore carried special permissions that were prohibited to Chinese laborers. They primarily served an African-American clientele. Their children attended white schools, and when they moved to Rosedale their second daughter, Martha Lum, excelled academically. (She had already been keeping the books for her family’s grocery store since she was 5 or 6.)Still, when she and her older sister Berda arrived for the first day of school in 1924, their second year in Rosedale, they were told to leave and attend the black school in town instead—they were now considered colored.



The Lum family sued to get their daughters back into the white school, making the argument that it was discriminatory to force Asian students to attend a school in which “colored” otherwise meant black. But when a lawyer who was passionate about 14th Amendment issues took on their case, it became something bigger: Earl Brewer wanted to strike a blow against segregatio n laws in general.

Part of the reason Lum v. Rice isn’t better known is that the Lum family lost, Berard says, but their place in history may also be affected by the fact that the family wasn’t fully on the side of civil rights for all. They, like their lawyer, make flawed heroes.

“You want to stand behind the family in one way, because they are making a decision for their children,” says Berard, who interviewed descendants of the Lums for her book. “But at the same time they are clearly making a racist decision. Whether it’s part of what was considered normal at the time or not, I don’t think you can let them off the hook for that very obvious fact that they did not want their daughters going to school with black children.”

How a Chinese Family's 1927 Supreme Court Case Set a Precedent for School Segregation

 

[Ish Gibor]

Asians have been discriminated against for decades, that part is FACT but it was clearly not to the level that black people faced. Most of the time, white people didn't pay too much attention to them in areas where they had low numbers. Chinese talking how they were seen in Jim Crow era Mississippi

and

Chinese in Mississippi: An Ethnic People in a Biracial Society | Mississippi History Now

I know that history. The issue is that most Asians aren't not the descendants of these people. Most came after the civil rights era into the America. What is being done here is, using Black suffering to write oneself into the history. Laws, legislation and Acts that have been set specifically against Black people. That fact that this old group became the middle group between Blacks and whites tells it all, that right there shows that they weren't treated in the same horrible ways. They were touched somewhat, since there aren't white. But not by far to the amount that Black people have been targeted. Your argument is, targeted is targeted, 2% or 100%. So both groups have suffered the same, right".

Black codes were restrictive laws designed to limit the freedom of African Americans and ensure their availability as a cheap labor force after slavery was abolished during the Civil War. Though the Union victory had given some 4 million slaves their freedom, the question of freed blacks’ status in the postwar South was still very much unresolved.

What was Jim Crow - Jim Crow Museum - Ferris State University

… that the right to attend it is a valuable right; that she is not a member of the colored race, nor is she of mixed blood, but that she is pure Chinese; that she is, by the action of the board of trustees and the state superintendent, discriminated against directly, and denied her right to be a member of the Rosedale school …

Gong Lum v. Rice, 275 U.S. 78 (1927)

Jim Crow was the name of the racial caste system which operated primarily, but not exclusively in southern and border states, between 1877 and the mid-1960s. Jim Crow was more than a series of rigid anti-black laws. It was a way of life. Under Jim Crow, African Americans were relegated to the status of second class citizens. Jim Crow represented the legitimization of anti-black racism. Many Christian ministers and theologians taught that whites were the Chosen people, blacks were cursed to be servants, and God supported racial segregation. Craniologists, eugenicists, phrenologists, and Social Darwinists, at every educational level, buttressed the belief that blacks were innately intellectually and culturally inferior to whites.

What was Jim Crow - Jim Crow Museum - Ferris State University

By the source you've posted:

A small group of Chinese immigrants came to Mississippi after the American Civil War.

Chinese in Mississippi: An Ethnic People in a Biracial Society | Mississippi History Now

The untold story of Americans Southern Chinese also show a population size of 743 Chinese vs 345,500 Black Americans. How does your comparison makes any sense?

The number of Asian immigrants grew from 491,000 in 1960 to about 12.8 million in 2014, representing a 2,597 percent increase. In 1960, Asians represented 5 percent of the U.S. foreign-born population; by 2014, their share grew to 30 percent of the nation’s 42.4 million immigrants.

Asian Immigrants in the United States


Asian have had it relatively good in the country for a very long time, while Black America had to fight an even harder fight after the civil rights era. As racist whites subliminal started to implement Laws, legislations and Act to marginalize and disenfranchise Black people. This was done by deliberately targeting the Black community with poverty, drugs etc.

Hilger recently used old census records to trace the fortunes of whites, blacks and Asians who were born in California during the early- to mid-20th century. He found that educational gains had little to do with how Asian Americans managed to close the wage gap with whites by the 1970s.

Instead, his research suggests that society simply became less racist toward Asians.

Hilger’s research focuses on native-born whites, blacks and Asians to rule out the effects of subsequent immigration. In 1965, changing laws ushered in a surge of high-skilled, high-earning Asian workers, who now account for most of the Asians living in the United States today.

But even before the arrival of those highly educated immigrants, the Asians already living in the United States had more or less closed the wage gap with whites.

At the time of the 1940 census, Hilger found, California-born Asian men earned less than California-born black men. By the 1970 census, they were earning about the same as white men, and by the 1980 census, the native-born Asian men were out-earning white men.

“Asians used to be paid like blacks,” Hilger said. “But between 1940 and 1970, they started to get paid like whites.” The charts below shows average earnings for native-born black, white and Asian depending on how much education they had."

~Jeff Guo, November 19, 2016
washingtonpost.com

The Asian, Brown vs Board was: 1927's Gong Lum v. Rice in Mississippi, in which a Chinese-American girl fought for the right to attend the white school rather than the black school. The Lum family made the case that the girl wasn't black. The court ruled she wasn't white, allowing school officials to categorize children as they saw fit.

How a Chinese Family's 1927 Supreme Court Case Set a Precedent for School Segregation

This is a bit more complicated:

Gong Lum v. Rice

"Gong Lum v. Rice (1927) stands out as the case within which the U.S. Supreme Court explicitly extended the pernicious doctrine of “separate but equal” that it introduced at the national level to public education in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896). At issue in Gong Lum, which was decided 27 years prior to Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954), were two related issues. The first issue was whether the state of Mississippi was required to provide a Chinese citizen equal protection of the law under the Fourteenth Amendment when he was taxed to pay for public education but was forced to send his daughter to a school for children of color. The second question that the Court addressed was whether the state denied a Chinese citizen of the United States equal protection of the law in classifying her among the “colored” races, and provided facilities for education that, although separate, were equal to those offered to all children, regardless of their race."

Fourteenth Amendment

…
"Members of the Republican Party introduced the Fourteenth Amendment after the conclusion of the Civil War to ensure that the admission of Confederate states back into the Union would be accompanied by a guarantee of equal rights for Blacks, especially freed slaves, in the South. In enacting the Fourteenth Amendment, Congress essentially reversed the Supreme Court’s opinion in Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857), which held that since Blacks, even free Blacks, were not citizens, they were not entitled to constitutional guarantees."

Fourteenth Amendment

Ratified by the states in 1868 shortly after the end of the Civil War, the Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution was enacted with multiple purposes in mind. First, the Fourteenth Amendment granted citizenship and the promise of equality for Black Americans, many of whom were freed slaves. In addition, the Fourteenth Amendment served as the centerpiece of legal challenges to achieve equity in many areas, beginning with school segregation, based on its Due Process and Equal Protection Clauses. This entry reviews its history and legal application in the 20th century and beyond.

Fourteenth Amendment

Although the Declaration of Independence stated that "All men are created equal," due to the institution of slavery, this statement was not to be grounded in law in the United States until after the Civil War (and, arguably, not completely fulfilled for many years thereafter). In 1865, the Thirteenth Amendment was ratified and finally put an end to slavery. Moreover, the Fourteenth Amendment (1868) strengthened the legal rights of newly freed slaves by stating, among other things, that no state shall deprive anyone of either "due process of law" or of the "equal protection of the law." Finally, the Fifteenth Amendment (1870) further strengthened the legal rights of newly freed slaves by prohibiting states from denying anyone the right to vote due to race.

History - Brown v. Board of Education Re-enactment

Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) was the seminal post-Reconstruction Supreme Court decision that judicially validated state sponsored segregation in public facilities by its creation and endorsement of the “separate but equal” doctrine as satisfying the Constitutional requirements provided in the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. The decision was 7-1 with one abstention by Justice John Marshall Harlen, whose lone dissent earned him the nickname, “the Great Dissenter.” It wasn’t until Brown v. Board of Education (1954) that this “separate but equal” doctrine was abolished.

(1896) The Plessy v. Ferguson Decision

As stated before, two small events.

 

[Cadillac]

As @IllmaticDelta said Asians were discriminated against no doubt, they just received the soft blows from it.

Now if they comparing their history with ours, or are trying to inflate their struggle as equal to ADOS they full of it.

I cant read the artcle because they want you to create a account so I cannot give my opinion on much of anything besides this.

 

[Ish Gibor]

As @IllmaticDelta said Asians were discriminated against no doubt, they just received the soft blows from it.

Now if they comparing their history with ours, or are trying to inflate their struggle as equal to ADOS they full of it.

I cant read the artcle because they want you to create a account so I cannot give my opinion on much of anything besides this.

As I stated before two small events they had to endure and that is exactly what IllmaticDelta showed. His arguments are no different from Matt Stevens, who was trying to create a false historical narrative. Where the very few setbacks Asians had, he's trying to write into Black history as a comparative group.

I am not ADOS, but you have my full support!