No, they don't since there weren't even 12 Tribes.
They made that up in the 6th Century BCE.
According to the Bible both Ancient Egypt (Mizraim) and Ancient Nubia (Cush) were sons of Ham. Mizraim - Wikipedia
We know the Ancient Nubians were black. Which means the Ancient Egyptians were also black. FYI before the 1800s when eugenics took off, Ancient Egypt being black was universally accepted.
Now anyone who reads the Bible knows that there are several occurrences were Hebrews like Moses and Joseph were able to pass as Egyptians. Joseph famously was sold by his brothers into slavery in Egypt. Then years later after he rose to become a soldier in the Egyptian army, his own siblings didn't recognize him and thought he was just another Egyptian soldier.
The Hebrews would not have been able to pass as Egyptians if they didn't look similar to them. Thus, because Nubia and Egypt were siblings, we know they were both black. And because the biblical Hebrews were able to pass as Egyptians that means they too must have been black.
You can't read the Bible in context without coming to this conclusion.