Greenwood in Tulsa wasn't killed off by the riots, but by integration and government policies

mattw1313

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this is the part of the story they still don't like to talk about: Greenwood was rebuilt after the riots, and then destroyed again.





After all the destruction and loss of life, what survived the 1921 attack in the Greenwood district proved the most valuable and enduring in the neighborhood’s midcentury recovery: the ambition of Black entrepreneurs and landowners.

The ability of property owners to raise money by leveraging the land beneath the rubble helped seed a local economy of Black-owned businesses for the next decades, according to interviews, court filings, newspaper articles and an analysis of Tulsa County real-estate records by The Wall Street Journal.

Tulsa Race Massacre Sidelined Legacy of Black Wealth in Greenwood

Greenwood’s history since 1921 shows other obstacles that have faced Black communities. Although the massacre destroyed the neighborhood, it wasn’t the death knell for Greenwood. Even as the Red Cross was erecting tents for them, survivors began planning to rebuild. After struggling through the Great Depression, by 1940 the Black homeownership rate in the Tulsa metro area had outstripped that of white residents. In 1941, there were a little more than 240 businesses in the Greenwood section of Tulsa, according to a recent copy of the neighborhood’s application for the National Register of Historic Places.

But decades of postwar government policies, including desegregation, urban renewal, housing discrimination and the highway project, took their own toll, whittling away at Greenwood in ways that proved more difficult to recover from.

As Tulsa desegregated, Black-owned businesses often found it hard to compete on price and supply with white-owned counterparts. In the 1950s and 1960s, the Tulsa Urban Renewal Authority used funds from a federal program to demolish buildings in the name of blight removal. Government decisions to relocate businesses and run a highway through Greenwood helped empty out the neighborhood years ago. The effect, Black leaders say, has been to diminish their ability to enact policies like those potentially directing more capital to Black businesses.

“We see it in Black Wall Streets all around the country,” said Shennette Garrett-Scott, an associate professor of history and African-American studies at the University of Mississippi who studies Black finance and banking before the Depression. “These interstates bypass capital from these communities.”




im-342268

Greenwood was rebuilt, and the Black homeownership rate in the Tulsa metro area outstripped that of white residents by 1940.
 

BaggerofTea

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:mjpls: What a thread title

That entire article read like a Birch Society propaganda piece.

The story of Black property ownership in Oklahoma began well before the 1921 massacre. Many of the territory’s early Black residents were descendants of those formerly enslaved by Native Americans who had been pushed west by the U.S. government in the 19th century, according to Larry O’Dell, director of development and special projects at the Oklahoma Historical Society. In later agreements with the U.S., these Native Americans and the more than 23,000 formerly enslaved Black men and women of the tribes—known as freedmen—became eligible for allotments of as much as 160 acres in Oklahoma, Mr. O’Dell said. Many formed all-black towns in Oklahoma, largely in the late 1800s and early 1900s.

Interesting how they never mentioned the former slaveholders in southern Oklahoma


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skylove4

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I will say again. They’re are some very dangerous poster on here . It’s unfathomable on a supposely black site, posters are allowed to advocate for segregation, say it out loud, a black website allows posters to advocate and pine for the days of segregation:mjpls: .

This poster has created the narrative that Black-wall street wasn’t destroyed by white supremacy but fukking integration :mjpls:
 

Robo Squirrel

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I will say again. They’re are some very dangerous poster on here . It’s unfathomable on a supposely black site, posters are allowed to advocate for segregation, say it out loud, a black website allows posters to advocate and pine for the days of segregation:mjpls: .

This poster has created the narrative that Black-wall street wasn’t destroyed by white supremacy but fukking integration :mjpls:
 

mattw1313

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:mjpls: What a thread title

I will say again. They’re are some very dangerous poster on here . It’s unfathomable on a supposely black site posters are allowed to advocate for segregation, say it out loud, a black website allows posters to advocate and pine for the days of segregation:mjpls: . This poster has created the narrative that Tulsa wasn’t destroyed by white supremacy but fukking integration :mjpls:


i know we're not in here playing stupid, and acting like integration didn't have negative effects on the community:comeon:


and don't put words in my mouth, c00n, nobody advocated for segregation. there's a big difference between segregation and separation, and Greenwood was an example of what we can build on our fukking own


the point that you could have taken from those articles is that we had the ability to rebuild even after that massacre, and even with everything stacked against us, and outpace the cac homeownership rate and build almost 250 businesses in that neighborhood within 20 years. you could have taken the point that the only thing that stopped us was a form of white supremacy far larger and more subtle than those tulsa cacs. instead, you chose to read it like a child
 

Adeptus Astartes

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They seriously posted a Wall Street Journal article claiming the riots weren't all that bad and desegregation was the real problem. :deadrose:
Desegregation definitely played a role, breh. Many white businesses offered better prices and a larger inventory because they had better access to capital. If your customer base is no longer forced to do business exclusively with a certain demographic, they will likely diversify. :yeshrug:

Unfortunately, this will be the narrative siezed upon by right wingers during this 100yr remembrance. "They rebuilt, therefore the massacre wasn't that bad." :mjpls: I already have seen alt right cacs pushing it.
 

Professor Emeritus

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Desegregation definitely played a role, breh. Many white businesses offered better prices and a larger inventory because they had better access to capital. If your customer base is no longer forced to do business exclusively with a certain demographic, they will likely diversify. :yeshrug:

Unfortunately, this will be the narrative siezed upon by right wingers during this 100yr remembrance. "They rebuilt, therefore the massacre wasn't that bad." :mjpls: I already have seen alt right cacs pushing it.

But Black customers being forced to settle for much higher prices and limited inventory was one of the exacerbating factors of Black poverty during the Jim Crow era. And in the end those higher prices the Black businesses were charging were only enriching the White suppliers who were fukking the black businessmen over, the extra costs weren't going into the black business owners' pockets.

A business strong enough to survive during segregation can easily survive during integration. There is FAR more Black wealth now than there was in 1960 and plenty of Black businessmen proving they can compete despite the odds still being stacked agains them. The Tulsa businesses could have survived integration easier than they survived segregation, but it was the purposeful targeting of that community with the highway project and the "blight" removal along with racist government administration that destroyed it. Desegregation meant that Southern Whites had to look for new ways to harm Black communities but it sure as hell didn't make it easier, they were already doing quite a good job.
 
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