Fred Hampton and Mark Clark, In Remembrance
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An article from 1976:
CHICAGO, Feb. 21—The Federal Bureau of Investigation began in late 1968 an intensive counterintelligence operation against the Black Panther Party in Chicago that included efforts “to expose, disrupt, and discredit” the black revolutionary group.
In testimony at the $47.7 million civil damage suit brought by survivors of the 1969 raid on the party's headquarters, the former head of the F.B.I.'s Chicago office confirmed that the operation had been initiated as part of the bureau's campaign to “neutralize” what it called. “black nationalist hate‐type groups.”
Marlin Johnson, now head of the Chicago Police Board but then director of the F.B.I.'s Chicago field office, identified F.B.I. memorandums that disclosed directives from the late J. Edgar Hoover ordering these actions to prevent the emergence of a black leader who could become a “black messiah” and unify black nationalist groups.
The seven survivors of the raid and the relatives of Fred Hampton and Mark Clark, leaders of the Illinois Black Panther, Party who died in the shooting, said their civil rights had been violated by a murder conspiracy and cover‐up by law enforcement officers after the raid.
In the seventh week of the trial before United States District Judge Joseph Sam Perry, Mr. Johnson was the principal witness as attorneys for the plaintiffs showed him a series of F.B.I. documents and questioned him at length about them.
In a memo, approved by Mr. Johnson, the Chicago field office reported to Mr. Hoover that an informer had been planted in the Panther headquarters and was used in “harassing and impelling the criminal activities” of the group.
But Mr. Johnson insisted that to him “impelling” meant to“curb or constrain” the Illinois Panthers. He denied, under questioning, that the informer, William O'Neal Jr., had urged members of the party to engage in criminal activity and then arranged for their arrest.
The F.B.I. documents also disclosed an attempt by the agency to create discord between the Panthers and the Black P Stone Rangers in February 1969 by sending an anonymous letter to Jeff Fort, leader of the Rangers, suggesting the Panthers were planning a “hit” against him.
https://link.medium.com/sarHa1tqbeb
Divide and conquer 1976 style - 2021 different day, same shyt.
CHICAGO, Feb. 21—The Federal Bureau of Investigation began in late 1968 an intensive counterintelligence operation against the Black Panther Party in Chicago that included efforts “to expose, disrupt, and discredit” the black revolutionary group.
In testimony at the $47.7 million civil damage suit brought by survivors of the 1969 raid on the party's headquarters, the former head of the F.B.I.'s Chicago office confirmed that the operation had been initiated as part of the bureau's campaign to “neutralize” what it called. “black nationalist hate‐type groups.”
Marlin Johnson, now head of the Chicago Police Board but then director of the F.B.I.'s Chicago field office, identified F.B.I. memorandums that disclosed directives from the late J. Edgar Hoover ordering these actions to prevent the emergence of a black leader who could become a “black messiah” and unify black nationalist groups.
The seven survivors of the raid and the relatives of Fred Hampton and Mark Clark, leaders of the Illinois Black Panther, Party who died in the shooting, said their civil rights had been violated by a murder conspiracy and cover‐up by law enforcement officers after the raid.
In the seventh week of the trial before United States District Judge Joseph Sam Perry, Mr. Johnson was the principal witness as attorneys for the plaintiffs showed him a series of F.B.I. documents and questioned him at length about them.
In a memo, approved by Mr. Johnson, the Chicago field office reported to Mr. Hoover that an informer had been planted in the Panther headquarters and was used in “harassing and impelling the criminal activities” of the group.
But Mr. Johnson insisted that to him “impelling” meant to“curb or constrain” the Illinois Panthers. He denied, under questioning, that the informer, William O'Neal Jr., had urged members of the party to engage in criminal activity and then arranged for their arrest.
The F.B.I. documents also disclosed an attempt by the agency to create discord between the Panthers and the Black P Stone Rangers in February 1969 by sending an anonymous letter to Jeff Fort, leader of the Rangers, suggesting the Panthers were planning a “hit” against him.
https://link.medium.com/sarHa1tqbeb
Divide and conquer 1976 style - 2021 different day, same shyt.
Directives:
For maximum effectiveness of the Counterintelligence Program, and to prevent wasted effort, long-range goals are being set.
1. Prevent the COALITION of militant black nationalist groups. In unity there is strength; a truism that is no less valid for all its triteness. An effective coalition of black nationalist groups might be the first step toward a real “Mau Mau” [Black revolutionary army] in America, the beginning of a true black revolution.
2. Prevent the RISE OF A “MESSIAH” who could unify, and electrify, the militant black nationalist movement. Malcolm X might have been such a “messiah;” he is the martyr of the movement today. Martin Luther King, Stokely Carmichael and Elijah Muhammed all aspire to this position. Elijah Muhammed is less of a threat because of his age. King could be a very real contender for this position should he abandon his supposed “obedience” to “white, liberal doctrines” (nonviolence) and embrace black nationalism. Carmichael has the necessary charisma to be a real threat in this way.
3. Prevent VIOLENCE on the part of black nationalist groups. This is of primary importance, and is, of course, a goal of our investigative activity; it should also be a goal of the Counterintelligence Program to pinpoint potential troublemakers and neutralize them before they exercise their potential for violence.
4. Prevent militant black nationalist groups and leaders from gaining RESPECTABILITY, by discrediting them to three separate segments of the community. The goal of discrediting black nationalists must be handled tactically in three ways. You must discredit those groups and individuals to, first, the responsible Negro community. Second, they must be discredited to the white community, both the responsible community and to “liberals” who have vestiges of sympathy for militant black nationalist [sic] simply because they are Negroes. Third, these groups must be discredited in the eyes of Negro radicals, the followers of the movement. This last area requires entirely different tactics from the first two. Publicity about violent tendencies and radical statements merely enhances black nationalists to the last group; it adds “respectability” in a different way.
5. A final goal should be to prevent the long-range GROWTH of militant black organizations, especially among youth. Specific tactics to prevent these groups from converting young people must be developed.
For maximum effectiveness of the Counterintelligence Program, and to prevent wasted effort, long-range goals are being set.
1. Prevent the COALITION of militant black nationalist groups. In unity there is strength; a truism that is no less valid for all its triteness. An effective coalition of black nationalist groups might be the first step toward a real “Mau Mau” [Black revolutionary army] in America, the beginning of a true black revolution.
2. Prevent the RISE OF A “MESSIAH” who could unify, and electrify, the militant black nationalist movement. Malcolm X might have been such a “messiah;” he is the martyr of the movement today. Martin Luther King, Stokely Carmichael and Elijah Muhammed all aspire to this position. Elijah Muhammed is less of a threat because of his age. King could be a very real contender for this position should he abandon his supposed “obedience” to “white, liberal doctrines” (nonviolence) and embrace black nationalism. Carmichael has the necessary charisma to be a real threat in this way.
3. Prevent VIOLENCE on the part of black nationalist groups. This is of primary importance, and is, of course, a goal of our investigative activity; it should also be a goal of the Counterintelligence Program to pinpoint potential troublemakers and neutralize them before they exercise their potential for violence.
4. Prevent militant black nationalist groups and leaders from gaining RESPECTABILITY, by discrediting them to three separate segments of the community. The goal of discrediting black nationalists must be handled tactically in three ways. You must discredit those groups and individuals to, first, the responsible Negro community. Second, they must be discredited to the white community, both the responsible community and to “liberals” who have vestiges of sympathy for militant black nationalist [sic] simply because they are Negroes. Third, these groups must be discredited in the eyes of Negro radicals, the followers of the movement. This last area requires entirely different tactics from the first two. Publicity about violent tendencies and radical statements merely enhances black nationalists to the last group; it adds “respectability” in a different way.
5. A final goal should be to prevent the long-range GROWTH of militant black organizations, especially among youth. Specific tactics to prevent these groups from converting young people must be developed.