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Fantasia downgraded to ‘default’ as China’s property crisis worsens


Fantasia downgraded to default status by rating agencies as Chinese property sector crisis worsens
  • Missed debt payment by Fantasia this week adds to China property sector concerns spawned by Evergrande’s liquidity crisis
  • S&P, Fitch and Moody’s all cut Fantasia to default or near default status





Chad Bray

Published: 12:30pm, 6 Oct, 2021



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Fantasia Holdings Group chairman Pan Jun photographed at the Four Seasons Hotel in Central in 2016. Photo: Nora Tam




Fantasia Holdings Group, the debt-laden property developer founded by the niece of a former Chinese vice-president, has been downgraded to default or near default status by the three major credit rating agencies after it missed a bond repayment this week.

The default by Fantasia adds to growing concerns about the Chinese property sector as China Evergrande Group, the world’s most indebted property developer, teeters towards default.



Fitch Ratings, S&P Global Ratings and Moody’s Investors Services all cut their ratings for Fantasia late on Tuesday to indicate the company was “likely in or very near default” after the Shenzhen-based developer failed to repay US$205.7 million in remaining principal it owed on a US$500 million senior note it took out in September 2016. There was no grace period for the principal repayment.


“The non-payment of Fantasia’s October 2021 US dollar bond triggered events of default on the company’s other US dollar notes, which will become immediately due and payable if the bond trustee or holders of at least 25 per cent in aggregate principal amount of the offshore notes declare so,” Fitch analysts Samuel Hui and Edwin Fan said in a press release on Wednesday.




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02:28

Angry protest at headquarters of China Evergrande as property giant faces liquidity crunch



Angry protest at headquarters of China Evergrande as property giant faces liquidity crunch


Fitch cut Fantasia’s long-term foreign-currency issuer default rating to “restricted default” status, indicating it has probably defaulted, but not yet entered bankruptcy or ceased operations.






The Hong Kong-listed property management arm of developer Country Garden separately said on Tuesday that a Fantasia-controlled unit also failed to repay the principal amount on a 700 million yuan (US$108 million bond) on Monday.

“The downgrade also reflects the inconsistent information that Fantasia had provided to the market on its exposure of privately placed bonds and raises concerns [about] the company’s disclosure and governance practices,” said Celine Yang, a Moody‘s senior analyst.

Moody’s cut Fantasia’s corporate family rating to “Ca”, indicating its debt was “highly speculative and are likely in, or very near, default”.

Fantasia’s stock has been suspended in Hong Kong since September 29 and remained suspended on Wednesday. The company’s shares have lost a third of their value since July 22, last trading at 56 Hong Kong cents a share.



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Fantasia Holdings Group, the Shenzhen-based property developer founded by Zeng Jie, the former vice-president Zeng Qinghong’s niece, failed to repay US$205 million of corporate bond due on Monday. Photo: Weibo




“The board and the management of the company will assess the potential impact on the financial condition and cash position of the group under the circumstances,” Fantasia said in a regulatory announcement after it missed the US$205 million repayment on Monday. “The company will continue to closely monitor the development of this matter and will make further announcements if the company is aware of any further development in this regard.”


The missed payment came two weeks after the developer said it had no liquidity issues and had “already prepared the funds” to redeem its bonds due this month. It had obtained HK$1.1 billion (US$142 million) of financing from Chiyu Bank in June, it said at the time.

“Fantasia’s missed payment highlights its strained liquidity, despite its reported sufficient cash on hand,” S&P said in its rating action.


As of June 30, Fantasia said it had 27.1 billion yuan of unrestricted cash on its balance sheet, including 10 billion yuan at the holding company level, according to S&P.

“But as funding conditions worsened, it’s likely that the cash was utilised for other repayments or was not accessible,” S&P said. “At the same time, asset disposals have been slower than we expected, failing to bring in liquidity sources in time.”



S&P cut Fantasia’s long-term issuer credit rating to ‘“selective default”, indicating a company has defaulted on one or more financial obligations.


Fantasia has US$1.9 billion of offshore bonds and 6.4 billion yuan of onshore bonds that are either maturing this year or next year, or subject to risks that bondholders would exercise their right to demand early repayment, Fitch said in an earlier report.

The cash crunch at Fantasia and other developers comes after Beijing adopted new rules last year designed to tamp down speculative property price bubbles. The “three red lines” requirements adopted by the People’s Bank of China in August of last year limited the ability of developers to borrow, making it hard for them to cover short-term cash needs between the time flats are built and sold.


Concerns about Evergrande, China’s biggest home builder by sales, have particularly unnerved the markets in recent weeks as it appears to have missed at least two interest payment deadlines for its offshore debt and faces a staggering US$305 billion in total liabilities

Fantasia was founded in 1996 by Zeng Jie, the niece of former vice-president Zeng Qinghong.

The company reported a profit of 302.9 million yuan in the first half of this year, a 9.5 per cent increase over the prior-year period. As of June 30, it had current liabilities – those that have to be repaid within a year – of nearly 50 billion yuan, including 8.5 billion yuan in borrowings due within a year and nearly 11 billion yuan in senior notes and bonds due within a year.
 
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Holders of Evergrande-Linked Jumbo Fortune Bond Yet to Be Paid
Bloomberg News
October 7, 2021, 2:53 AM EDT

  • Their next step would be requesting payment from Evergrande

  • Nonpayment may trigger cross-default on other Evergrande debt
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The China Evergrande Group headquarters in Shenzhen, China. Photographer: Gilles Sabrie/Bloomberg
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Creditors have yet to receive repayment of a dollar bond they say is guaranteed by China Evergrande Group and one of its units, in what could be the firm’s first major miss on maturing notes since regulators urged the developer to avoid a near-term default.

Some investors hadn’t received the principal payment for a note that matured Oct. 3 as of Thursday in Hong Kong, according to people with knowledge of the situation who asked not to be named discussing private matters. As Oct. 3 was a Sunday, the effective due date was Monday. Evergrande did not respond to requests for comment regarding its debt obligations during a holiday in China.

The next step would be to send a notice to Evergrande and its lawyers to formally request it honor its guarantee obligation, the people said.


Holders of the bond have formed a creditor committee and the law firm White & Case LLP is advising various investors with regards to Jumbo Fortune. A spokesperson for White & Case declined to comment.

Nonpayment of the bond’s principal may constitute a default as the note has no grace period, although five business days would be allowed if the failure to pay were due to administrative or technical error, according to people familiar with the matter.

Fears of a collapse at Evergrande that triggers financial and economic contagion have prompted investors to scrutinize the company’s upcoming debt obligations. The Jumbo Fortune payment is being closely watched because of the risks of cross-default for the real estate giant’s other dollar bonds.

Separately, some holders of dollar bonds due in recent weeks have said they didn’t receive interest due, though those notes have 30-day grace periods.
 

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Subscribe to read | Financial Times

Evergrande shareholder to delist in Hong Kong as contagion hits stock
Family of tyc00n Joseph Lau will take Chinese Estates private to reduce exposure to indebted developer

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Hong Kong tyc00n Joseph Lau, right, and his wife Chan Hoi-wan. Chinese Estates shares lost a quarter of their value in early September as Evergrande’s debt crisis escalated © Tyrone Siu/Reuters
Thomas Hale and Primrose Riordan in Hong Kong

Chinese Estates Holding, a Hong Kong-based property group, has announced an offer to take the business private after its exposure to heavily indebted developer China Evergrande crushed its share price.

The company, which is majority-owned by the family of billionaire tyc00n Joseph Lau, said late on Wednesday its controlling shareholders would buy out the remaining 25 per cent stake they did not own at HK$4 (US$0.51) a share. Chinese Estates shares leapt 31 per cent in early trading on Thursday.

The move to take the company private was another indication of the mounting spillover risks from the liquidity crisis at mainland developer Evergrande, in which Chinese Estates had been a significant investor before it began heavily selling out of its position in recent weeks.

Evergrande’s plight roiled global markets last month after it missed an interest payment on one of its offshore dollar bonds. The Biden administration weighed in on the developer’s woes on Wednesday, with secretary of state Antony Blinken saying the US wanted China to “act responsibly” to manage the potential fallout.

In the Hong Kong market, Chinese Estates’ efforts to limit its exposure signalled that even the closest supporters of Evergrande’s chair Hui Ka Yan were losing confidence in the world’s most indebted developer.

Hui is known to play cards with a group of Hong Kong tyc00ns, including Lau, whose family has invested in other Evergrande ventures, including its electric vehicle unit.

Evergrande has lost more than 80 per cent of its market value this year, and its missed payment raised expectations of one of the biggest restructuring processes in Chinese history. Its shares were suspended this week ahead of a possible sale of its property services unit as the group rushes to offload assets in a bid to survive.


Directors at Chinese Estates were “cautious and concerned about the recent development of China Evergrande Group including certain disclosures made by China Evergrande Group on its liquidity”, the company said in a regulatory filing. It was referring to a report from Evergrande in late August, in which the developer warned it was at risk of default.

Chinese Estates shares lost a quarter of their value in early September before rebounding ahead of a trading suspension last week.

Chinese Estates, which is run by Chan Hoi-wan, who is Lau’s wife and a former reporter at the defunct pro-democracy tabloid Apple Daily, still has a 4.4 per cent stake in Evergrande but has sold holdings in recent weeks amounting to more than 2 per cent of the company.

Both Chan and Lau have also been selling down their personal stakes in the real estate group.

The proposed privatisation offer came from Solar Bright, a British Virgin Islands-based company owned by Chan. Lau stepped down as chair of Chinese Estates in 2014 after being convicted of money laundering and bribery in Macau.

The company said in a joint announcement that it could take a loss of HK$10.4bn this year on its Evergrande disposals if it sells all of its remaining stake, based on the share price as of the end of September.

Fellow Chinese developer Fantasia Group this week defaulted on one of its offshore bonds, adding to concerns for the health of the wider Chinese real estate industry, which is facing pressure from Beijing to reduce leverage.
 

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US Secretary of State Antony Blinken urged the Chinese government to 'act responsibly' when handling the Evergrande crisis

US Secretary of State Antony Blinken urged the Chinese government to 'act responsibly' when handling the Evergrande crisis
Cheryl Teh
5 hours ago
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Secretary of State Antony Blinken urged the Chinese government to handle the potential fallout from Evergrande's impending collapse in a responsible manner.
Chris J Ratcliffe/Getty Images
  • Antony Blinken urged the Chinese government to handle the Evergrande crisis responsibly.
  • Blinken said that China's economic decisions have "profound ramifications" on the entire world.
  • The Chinese real estate developer is the world's most indebted company, with liabilities exceeding $300 billion.

US Secretary of State Antony Blinken urged China to act "responsibly" when dealing with the fallout of the debt crisis that looms with Evergrande's impending collapse.

"China has to make sovereign economic decisions for itself, but we also know that what China does economically is going to have profound ramifications, profound effects, on literally the entire world because all of our economies are so intertwined," Blinken said on Wednesday in an interview with Bloomberg.

Blinken added that Evergrande's could have a "major impact" on the Chinese economy and said that the US looks to China to "act responsibly and to deal effectively with any challenges."

This is the first time a senior official in Biden's administration has spoken on the Evergrande crisis since the property developer missed two offshore bond payments in September. The Chinese real estate giant is currently the most indebted company in the world and owes more than $300 billion in liabilities. Evergrande's failure to pay off its debt caused tremors in both the Asian and international markets. It has also sparked fears of a potential contagion of property developers defaulting on bond payments that could spread within the Chinese market and beyond.

The Evergrande debt crisis is affecting the US stock market too. Just this week, stocks in the US and the global markets slipped after the company suspended trading of its shares in Hong Kong.

However, the Chinese government has indicated that a direct bailout of Evergrande is unlikely to happen. Instead, government-owned firms and state-linked property developers are being nudged to buy out Evergrande and divide its assets in a piecemeal manner.
 

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Evergrande and other Chinese property giants have sizeable off-balance sheet debt: JPMorgan

Evergrande and other Chinese property giants have sizeable off-balance sheet debt: JPMorgan

Marc Jones ,
Reuters
17 hours ago

  • JP Morgan analysts say they believe Evergrande and other Chinese property companies have hidden money in off-balance sheet debt.
  • They estimated Evergrande's "net gearing," as debt as a ratio of a firm's equity is known, was at least 177% at the end of the first half of the year, instead of the 100% its accounts reported.
  • JP Morgan named R&F Properties, Sunac China Holdings, and Country Garden as three other firms believed to be hiding money in off-balance sheet debt.

Investment bank JPMorgan has estimated that troubled Chinese property giant Evergrande and many of its major rivals have billions of dollars worth of off-balance sheet debt that, once added on, ramp up their leverage ratios.

JPMorgan's China and Hong Kong property analysts said the tactic is likely to have been used to help firms look like they were conforming with new borrowing cap rules introduced last year, but Evergrande's case looks the most extreme.

"Instead of true deleveraging, we think Evergrande has shifted some of the interest-bearing debt to off-balance sheet debt," JPMorgan's analysts said. "Commercial papers, wealth management products, and perpetual capital securities, etc, which are not officially counted as debt."

They estimated Evergrande's "net gearing," as debt as a ratio of a firm's equity is known, was at least 177% at the end of the first half of the year, instead of the 100% its accounts reported.

"It is possible that the real gearing could be even higher, as data on some off-balance sheet debt is not publicly available," JPMorgan added, saying the "disguised" debt as it called it added up to 55% of Evergrande's overall debt.

Other major firms whose gearing levels were likely to be higher than formally reported included R&F Properties at 139% versus the 123%, Sunac China Holdings at 138% versus 87% reported and Country Garden at 76% versus 50% reported.
 

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Evergrande Debt Crisis Is Financial Stress Test No One Wanted
China’s real estate powder keg threatens President Xi’s drive for stability—and may yet force a too-big-to-fail moment with global implications.
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Bloomberg Businessweek
September 22, 2021, 5:00 PM EDT

Sunny Peninsula, a seaside development in the southern Chinese city of Guangzhou, was supposed to house 5,000 families in dozens of towers spread across an area the size of 30 soccer fields. Many of the buyers were white-collar workers benefiting from the fastest urbanization in human history.

But the project now looks more like the set of a disaster movie. Half-finished apartment blocks stand empty and abandoned. Untouched for months in the humid summer weather, piles of rebar and steel beams are accumulating coatings of rust.

China Evergrande Group, until recently the world’s largest property developer, owns dozens of stalled sites like Sunny Peninsula across China. Buckling under more than $300 billion in liabilities, the company is close to collapse, leaving 1.5 million buyers waiting for finished homes.

Evergrande’s Liabilities
In yuan

The global financial markets are bracing for potential aftershocks. Evergrande is China’s largest issuer of high-yield dollar-denominated bonds, and bills are coming due to an array of banks and suppliers. Given its footprint in the housing market, there’s also a risk of a disorderly collapse triggering a broader decline in property prices—bad news in an economy where 27% of loans are for real estate. The stress isn’t only being felt in bankers’ offices: Earlier this month homebuyers surrounded a government office in Guangzhou to demand construction be restarted on their apartments, and unconfirmed videos circulating on social media depict similar protests in other cities. Furious retail investors who helped fund Evergrande’s expansion have turned up at the company’s Shenzhen headquarters to complain about delayed repayments on wealth management products it sold.

Price of a Key Evergrande Bond


Data: Compiled by Bloomberg



Evergrande’s troubles are partly a familiar tale of an overextended, systemically important company taxing its creditors’ patience. That alone would make it a test for Chinese authorities. But its situation also reflects deliberate policy choices made by the ruling Communist Party under President Xi Jinping. Like the tech giants Alibaba Group Holding Ltd. and Tencent Holdings Ltd., which were the targets of sudden regulatory crackdowns that wiped out tens of billions of dollars in market value this summer, Evergrande found itself in the way of the party’s priorities. For several years, officials have been taking steps to cool real estate prices, which they see as a potential source of risk, and signaling that they expect both house price growth and new construction to remain roughly flat. “In the central government, the view has shifted over how much China’s economy can depend on the housing market,” says Zhu Ning, a former adviser to China’s central bank.

Home Price-to-Income Ratio
Median apartment price to median family disposable income per year

Data: Numbeo Property Prices Index 2021



Instead, Beijing wants to steer China’s economic resources toward areas it views as more central to national security—above all, high-tech manufacturing that can help it reduce its reliance on the U.S. and its allies. The party is also emphasizing financial and social stability over sheer growth. Leaders speak of the goals of “moderate prosperity” and “common prosperity,” and households accumulating more debt to buy multiple or more luxurious homes doesn’t necessarily fit with that vision. Nor does the wealth inequality that property booms can create. Xi’s pledges to cut pollution and carbon emissions also require curbing construction.

Real Estate and Construction as a Share of Urban Employment in China


Data: National Bureau of Statistics China, Rogoff and Yang (2021)



China may be willing to let Evergrande fail if it thinks it can engineer a soft landing for the real estate sector. The $56 trillion domestic financial system is dominated by state-owned lenders, which give the government extensive power both to squeeze borrowers and to manage the impact of defaults. But the stakes are enormous. When industries such as construction and property services are included, real estate accounts for at least 15% of the nation’s gross domestic product, and more than 70% of urban China’s wealth is stored in housing. Countries such as Australia, Brazil, and Zambia depend on China’s relentless demand for steel, copper, and other construction materials. And U.S. and European companies increasingly look to its consumer market for growth.


Hui Ka Yan, was born into grinding poverty in the central province of Henan in 1958. “In school, all I ate was sweet potato and steamed bread,” he said in a rare speech in 2018. “I really hoped I could leave the village.” He found his ticket out by becoming one of a tiny number of rural students to pass the university entrance exam, going on to study metallurgy.

In 1992, Hui came to Shenzhen, then a small town on the border with Hong Kong. After working as an importer-exporter, he dove into the property market, founding Evergrande in 1997. By 2016 it was China’s biggest property developer by sales. “Everything for me and Evergrande is given by the party, the state, and society,” he said in his 2018 speech.

Even making allowances for flattery, Hui wasn’t wrong: The forces that allowed Evergrande to grow so rapidly emanated, in large part, from Beijing. When the 2008-09 global financial crisis cut demand for Chinese exports, the central government responded with a massive stimulus package that made borrowing easy. Land prices soared, in both coastal megacities and previously sleepy regional centers, and developing housing became a near-certain bet. The key to success was scale, achieved by borrowing with land as collateral. The bigger a developer became, the more it could borrow, and at lower interest rates, a cycle that could continue as long as property prices kept rising.

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Guangzhou Evergrande Football Stadium under construction in December.

Supercharged by real estate profits, Evergrande expanded its reach into China’s burgeoning consumer economy. Some ventures, such as theme parks, had at least a faint connection to property development; others, including mineral water and a quixotic attempt to build a world-class soccer club in Guangzhou, had none at all.

It didn’t take long for analysts, particularly outside the country, to predict that Chinese developers in general, and Evergrande in particular, were building up far too much debt. As early as 2012, some argued that Hui’s company would soon buckle under the weight of its leverage.

But the day of reckoning never seemed to arrive. The increasing sophistication and profitability of Chinese companies meant more of their workers could afford new homes. Evergrande even weathered a steep drop in home sales in 2015, when a glut of unwanted apartments drove average prices down by as much as 6% year-on-year. Hui became China’s second-richest man, behind only Alibaba’s Jack Ma.

This resilience was partly a function of government policy, including a renewal of stimulus measures that helped prices recover. But policymakers in Beijing were haunted by the fragilities the 2015 slump exposed. At the end of 2016, the ruling party’s Politburo unveiled a new slogan: “Houses are for living in, not for speculation.” One policymaker complained the following year that the economy was being “kidnapped” by the housing sector.

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An Evergrande development in the city of Huaian.

Beijing began instituting a series of curbs on what’s known as shadow financing—lending by entities other than banks or through practices such as selling wealth management products. Among other things, it prevented companies from raising money by offering guaranteed returns to investors. There were also efforts by provincial and city governments to damp real estate speculation. On Hainan, an island in the South China Sea touted by developers as China’s answer to Hawaii, nonlocals were effectively blocked from buying homes before spending two years in the province, and all buyers were barred from reselling a residence within five years of purchasing it.

Suddenly, Evergrande’s sprawling property empire seemed out of step with the times, and not only because of its high debt load. The government wanted affordable housing for young people; at the time, Evergrande’s marquee project was Ocean Flower Island, an extravagant plan to build a Dubai-style artificial archipelago on the Hainan coast, with one of its 58 hotels designed to look like a European castle and another offering “7-star” luxury.

Hui began a campaign to change Evergrande’s image. The company plowed billions of yuan into building houses in poorer rural areas, and in 2019 announced that it intended to become the world’s largest manufacturer of electric vehicles. Sunny Peninsula was a product of Hui’s shift. Rather than luxury condominiums for investors, it promised relatively affordable apartments for manufacturing workers.


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Hui, center, at an electric vehicle summit in 2019.
 

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(continued)

The acute phase of Evergrande’s crisis began in 2020. It could have been a relatively good year for the company. Thanks to China’s successful containment of the coronavirus, the economy contracted for only a single quarter, while looser monetary policy boosted the housing market. But for reasons that aren’t entirely clear, Evergrande began struggling to cover its debts. It appealed to local government officials for help in averting a cash crunch; as investors lost confidence, its biggest bank creditor started to slow its lending. It didn’t help that Hui’s new ventures, like the EV operation, were sucking up much of its cash. Eventually strategic investors, some of whom were also suppliers, agreed to waive $13 billion the company owed them as part of a debt-for-equity swap. It ended 2020 with its profits down by half.

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Then authorities, convinced by the pandemic that risk prevention was more important than ever, ordered Evergrande and other top property developers to cut their debt. Guo Shuqing, China’s top central bank official, in November called real estate “the biggest gray rhino” for China’s financial stability—referring to a large yet overlooked threat. Relations with the U.S. also plunged to a new low. Fearful of being cut off from supplies of products such as microchips, the government declared improved scientific research and greater technological self-sufficiency its top economic goals. Housing construction would be no help there.

In March, Beijing signaled it might revive efforts to introduce a national property-tax system, which would reduce local administrations’ reliance on land sales for income. The central and local governments also released some 400 separate regulations on homebuying, including rules preventing people from divorcing just to get around “one house per family” limits, and directed banks to slash mortgage lending and channel money to manufacturers instead. Outstanding mortgages as a share of GDP dropped for the first time in a decade.

The results have been dramatic in the booming coastal cities that previously powered China’s property market. A broker in Shenzhen, who asked to be identified only by his surname, Li, says that inquiries from prospective buyers are down a third from a year ago. “The transaction volume looks pretty ugly, and the only homes sold were either due to the sellers urgently needing cash or worries that prices will drop further,” he says.

The sales decline hit Evergrande harder than any other large developer, and it’s spent much of this year seeking to raise cash by any means possible, including trying to sell its headquarters building in Hong Kong. To avoid admitting to buyers that the company couldn’t deliver their apartments, Hui said he’d issued a “military order” for projects to be completed as planned. His efforts fell short. This month Chinese authorities told major lenders to Evergrande not to expect interest payments due on some bank loans.

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Protesters outside Evergrande’s Shenzhen headquarters.


In past Chinese housing slumps, this might be the moment when Beijing would step in to put a floor under the market, encouraging banks to lend to push up prices and boost revenue for property developers. But for now, policymakers seem willing to inflict economic pain to alter expectations that real estate prices will always rise. Many homeowners have gotten used to policymakers protecting their investments. “If prices fall, that means the economy is in a downturn, and that’ll put huge pressure on the local government,” says Jenny Wu, a financial worker in Shenzhen who bought an apartment last year. “So it’s impossible that home prices would drop in Tier 1 cities.” (“Tier 1” is shorthand for the megacities of Beijing, Guangzhou, Shanghai, and Shenzhen.)

Evergrande could avoid bankruptcy. Most analysts expect a restructuring in which some banks roll over financing, while other creditors receive assets such as properties and land rather than cash as repayment, and bondholders get some but not all of their investment back. The company’s humbling may nonetheless mark a turning point in China’s economy. Developers will still be needed: The government plans for 10 million people to move to urban areas every year through 2025. But the companies are likely to be smaller, and they won’t benefit as much from runaway price rises.

Those who put their savings into Evergrande projects such as Sunny Peninsula are hoping their own slice of moderate prosperity has a place in Beijing’s vision of a tamed property market. Last month a group of angry buyers gathered at the site. “We don’t care about price cuts,” said one, who asked to be identified by his surname, Cheng. “Our one and only demand is that Evergrande can deliver the project.” —Emma Dong, Amanda Wang, Tom Hancock, and Jun Luo
 
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