in my case i'm buying options, puts when i feel the stock price is going down and calls when i feel it's going up. the contracts have a strike price, expiration date and limit price. the strike price is what the writer of that contract will pay you per share on that expiration date and you can sell before the expiration date. each strike has a limit price per share. a contract is 100 shares. so 100 multiplied by the limit price is the cost of the contract at that strike. the cost of the contract is your risk. the writer of that put option is obligated to buy at that strike price.
so on monday afternoon PCG was trading at around $34.5. i posted about missing the boat on friday and on monday afternoon when it rose up to ~$34.xx i still felt the same way i did on friday that PCG was probably liable and this shyt would tank. i couldn't come back and post about how i missed the boat again, fukk that. so when it was at $34.xx, a put with a $27 strike had a limit price of $0.23 (so $23 for a contract). i bought 20 contracts (in control of 2k shares), so i risked $460. and right now the limit price on a put with a $27 strike is $7.35. so if i exercised that option right now (say pcg is $20) i would be buying 2k shares at $20 share and then selling 2k shares at $27 a share (the writer of that contract is obligated to buy 2k shares from me at that price). we don't personally do that, but that's basically what happens in the background. so 2k shares at $20 per is is a cost of $40,000. my current exercise price is $27 x 2k = $54,000. 54-40 = $14k gross and then subtract my $460 initial cost (what i actually risked) and my net is $13,540. i regret not risking more, but let's say i was wrong and the stock price went the other way ... i was ok with losing $460, well if i let it expire worthless, but i would have probably sold when it was worth half that.