I don't think it can be generalized to just one thing. Poverty is certainly one of the biggest drivers. No adequate jobs or resources can lead to riskier behavior to make money. That feeds into the prison industrial complex which is also a big thing that keeps Black men away. Even when they return home, finding jobs will be hard and the cycle will continue. After a generation or so of seeing this, the cycle can almost start repeating itself unprovoked.
But I think overall the thing that ultimately gets the ball rolling is the psychological affects living in poverty has on Black men. Being unable to gather adequate resources to provide for your family in a patriarchy, where provision for women and children is the primary role of the man, makes them lean heavily on other things that can be viewed as masculine to fill that void. Those behaviors are often destructive.
Also I think absent father narrative is overblown nowadays at least. I do think there are many fathers who aren't as active,and become every other week or so fathers for the childs whole life. but often that is one in the same,i believe that to be more prevelant. I notice alot more nikkas seem to at least know they daddy,just don't have a strong relationship. Alot of times blacks have children too young and out of wedlock and the relationship doesn't work out because they didn't love each other in the first place. Or they loved each other but just weren't committed enough to be having children,and now the mother or father just want to move on because having kids out of wedlock is so normal now. The mother becomes the primary guardian usually,and the father becomes a weekend daddy. And that is IF they have a good relationship,and the father is committed to be in the childs life.
When the two don't get along,the father is only coming around when the baby mother isn't getting on his nerves,she isn't made at him,or just as he see's reasonable. So the children are still often times the mothers child. Plus like I said before,even when they are in the childs life,alot of men were raised by women,don't act like men and don't know how to raise other men.
and the women aren't much better,lets not pretend alot of these kids aren't essentially raised by they grandparents. We like to act like its all good on the womens side of the coin. But alot of females don't have they kids no more than 50% of the time either smh. Abortions seriously need to become more of a viable option in black culture. We love getting all christian when its time to go to the clinic.