You just posted those links. Anyway, you're still generalizing. Where does it say that these things are occurring simply for women being women. In regard to sentencing, one of the articles even says that it is not possible to prove the gender disparity.
In terms of education, there is nothing that states that women are getting these degrees just because they are women.
It's not a generalization. Do you know what a generalization is?
Definition of GENERALIZATION
a general statement or concept obtained by inference from specific cases.
I am not talking about a specific case and then making an overarching narrative. I am not saying..."My mom's sister is a housewife and she has a rich husband. Women are golddiggers."
You really don't understand gender roles and the differences between the sexes do you?
Male behavior is disciplined differently than female behavior. Boys are falling behind in elementary school, middle school and high school. Most teachers are female. Female teachers are biased against male students. The discrimination that male students face, affects them when it is time to go to college.
Female Teachers 'Give Boys Lower Marks'
And the sentencing disparity...actually does exist...and the professor said this
Prof. Starr emphasized that it is not possible to "prove" gender discrimination with data like hers, because it is always possible that two seemingly similar cases could differ in ways not captured by the data.
Given the size of the apparent gender gap and the richness of the dataset (which allowed many alternative explanations to be explored), however, Starr believes that there is "pretty good reason to suspect that disparate treatment may be one of the causes of this gap."
Basically she said her dataset is large as hell and with a large dataset she is not 100% sure...and most things aren't 100% sure.
And that is just one professor...
There are others that study the sentencing gap...
Are criminal courts more lenient on women? - Journalist's Resource
A 2015 study published in the
Journal of Criminal Justice,
“From Initial Appearance to Sentencing: Do Female Defendants Experience Disparate Treatment?,” takes a broader look at gender disparities within the criminal justice system. The four researchers — Natalie Goulette of the University of West Florida and John Wooldredge, James Frank and Lawrence Travis III of the University of Cincinnati — explored outcomes at two key stages of the criminal justice process. They examined decisions that judges made at a defendant’s first appearance hearing and during sentencing. Previous studies had investigated gender disparities in judicial decisions connected with only one of those two events, potentially neglecting the interaction of the outcomes at each phase. The researchers analyzed 3,593 felony cases that had been referred in 2009 to the County Office of the Prosecutor of a large, urban jurisdiction in the northern United States.
Findings include:
- Women were less likely to be detained before trial. They were 46 percent less likely than men to held in jail prior to a trial.
- Women who were released on bond were given lower bond amounts. Their bonds were set at amounts that were 54 percent lower than what men were required to pay.
- Women were 58 percent less likely to be sentenced to prison.
- For defendants who were sentenced to prison, there generally was no gender disparity in the length of the sentence. There were disparities in sentencing for some individual types of crime, however. For example, female defendants convicted of theft received longer prison sentences than male defendants convicted of theft. Women convicted of “other property offenses” – a category of crimes that includes arson, receiving stolen property and breaking and entering — received shorter prison sentences.
- Black female defendants were, in some ways, treated differently than white female defendants. Black women were assigned higher bond amounts and were more likely to be sent to prison than white women. Women of both races were equally likely to be released prior to trial.
The authors hypothesize that judges might treat female defendants more leniently when they conform to the traditional gender roles of housewife and mother. Goulette and her colleagues found support for the “evil woman” theory, which suggests that this “chivalry” is reserved for certain groups of women who appear to be docile and in need of protection. The authors suggest that future research should explore the idea that, in some cases, some judges may treat female defendants more harshly if they believe it is in the defendants’ best interest or if the tougher sentence will serve to protect the women in the future. The researchers also suggest that policymakers consider ways to standardize the judicial process, which could reduce disparities by constraining judges’ discretion. The authors stress the need to more carefully monitor the decisions that judges make at a defendant’s first-appearance hearing. “Our findings suggest that decisions related to bond amounts impact pretrial detention which, in turn, is one of the strongest predictors of prison sentences,” the authors state.