Championships shortened
In professional boxing, until the 1980s, the "championship distance" generally referred to the title rounds that numbered between 13 and 15.
[7][8] For decades, the last heavyweight title match scheduled for less than 15 rounds had been the September 22, 1927 10-rounder between
Gene Tunney and
Jack Dempsey; from then, the only bout that wasn't scheduled for 15 rounds had been a
scheduled 20-rounder between
Joe Louis and
Abe Simon on March 21, 1941.
[9] This changed though, following the death of lightweight
Duk Koo Kim in 1982
[2] after his fourteen-round fight with
Ray Mancini, which was so shocking that two people committed suicide as a result.
[7] Almost immediately, the
World Boxing Council (WBC) issued a statement saying that WBC world title bouts would be set for 12 rounds.
[9]
The following year on March 27, 1983, the first ever heavyweight title fight scheduled for 12 rounds under that rule was held by the WBC between
Larry Holmes and
Lucien Rodriguez.
[9] The
World Boxing Association, from which the
World Boxing Organization had not yet separated, later followed suit
[10] by voting to reduce their championship distances to 12 rounds on October 19, 1987.
[11] While the
International Boxing Federation, which had recently broken away from the WBA, continued to hold onto the position there was no documented medical evidence to show a 15-round fight is more dangerous than a 12-round fight, they eventually voted to shorten their championship distance to 12 rounds as well on June 3, 1988.
[12]
The last
heavyweight 15-rounder title fight was a on October 16, 1987 between
Mike Tyson and
Tyrell Biggs.
[2][13] The last
middleweight 15-rounder title fight was a
World Boxing Board title match on June 7, 1997 in which
Jose Alfredo Flores won a split decision over Eric Holland in
Ruidoso, New Mexico.
[14]
In recent years, there have been calls to return the championship distance to 15 rounds.
[2][8][9] For example, the debate following the
Bernard Hopkins-
Jermain Taylor fight on July 16, 2005 questioned whether Taylor, who was "losing steam" in the later rounds, would have won the title match were it a 15-round bout.
[9]
Distance change criticisms
The shift from a 15-round to a 12-round distance for title fights has been controversial. There have been studies which show that the
brain becomes more susceptible to damage after the 12th round.
[10] Moreover, it has been argued that the 15-round distance greatly increased the risk of dehydration and exhaustion.
[15]
However, "purists" of the sport have contended that the shift from 15 rounds to 12 rounds has impacted
viewership of the sport.
[15] Moreover, Frank Lotierzo, a critic of the 12-round limit, pointed out that fatalities are rare in
heavyweight matches, instead attributing deaths to
dehydration from the pressure of "making weight" for lower
weight classes:
[2]
"In my opinion, the reason that you hardly ever see fatalities in the heavyweight division is because the big guys don't have to make weight. In many cases, fighters under 150 pounds
dehydrate themselves shedding those last few pounds too [
sic] make weight. This leaves them vulnerable to
brain injuries with a lack a fluid around their skull protecting the brain from crashing against it when they are hit. I believe this is more of a danger than fighters fighting 15 rounds. If I'm wrong, someone please explain why we rarely see heavyweights being killed in the ring? You would think most boxing fatalities would occur in the heavyweight division since they are clearly the most powerful punchers."
Lotierzo also argues that part of the motivation for a 12-round limit was not so much for safety, but to allow the matches to appear on
network television.
[2] Previously, the timing of boxing involved 15 three-minute rounds with 14 one-minute intervals between each round, the preamble, and post-fight interviews—requiring around 70–75 minutes; in contrast, a 12-round bout lasts 47 minutes, which fits neatly into a one-hour time slot when pre- and post-fight programming and commercials are added in.
[16] However, by the 1990s, championship boxing had been almost exclusively become a premium pay-television (HBO, Showtime, pay-per-view) sport, meaning no commercials were necessary, and making that irrelevant.
Nonetheless, it has been noted that these rule changes have made certain kinds of boxing deaths far rarer, though boxing remains the 8th most deadly sport with 1.3 deaths per 100,000 participants.
[10]
Speculation regarding change
It has been argued that "some of the greatest moments in sports would never have occurred" were the 12-round limit imposed in earlier matches.
[8] Nonetheless, entirely different strategies might have been used were the fights scheduled for only 12 rather than 15 rounds, so it is possible that some or all matches could have ended the same way regardless of whether the scheduled distance were 12 or 15 rounds.
The following are some of the most notable longer championship distances, including the
Fight of the Century, that would have had the reverse result were they abruptly ended after the 12th round:
- June 18, 1941: Joe Louis vs. Billy Conn — In this heavyweight championship match, Conn, the light-heavyweight titleholder, challenged Louis, the defending champion. Leading on all three scorecards, Conn would have captured the title were the bout only 12 rounds long, which might have prevented Louis from retaining the title by knocking out Conn[8] with a six-punch barrage in the 13th round.[2]
- June 17, 1954: Rocky Marciano vs. Ezzard Charles — For much of the match, it appeared that Charles would become the first former champion to regain the heavyweight crown. However, in each of the final rounds Marciano unleashed three-minute non-stop striking combinations, earning a close but unanimous victory over Charles. Had this been 12 rounds, Marciano would not have become, to this day, the only heavyweight champion to have finished his career undefeated.[8] Charles also became the only man ever to last the full 15-round distance against Marciano.[17]
- July 13, 1966: Emile Griffith vs. Joey Archer — Had this middleweight championship not gone the 15-round distance, the title would have been captured by Archer, but the defender outlasted and wore down Archer to retain it in the end.[8]
- March 8, 1971: Fight of the Century (Joe Frazier vs. Muhammad Ali) — It has been argued that the apparent outcome of the match was reversed after "one of histories [sic] greatest left-hooks ever," which was thrown in the 15th round.[2]
- September 16, 1981: Sugar Ray Leonard vs. Thomas Hearns — In what has been called "the biggest and most anticipated fight in welterweight history,"[2] Leonard was behind Hearns after the 12th round, though rallying to win in the 14th.
- November 12, 1982: Aaron Pryor vs. Alexis Argüello - In what was ultimately named "The Fight of the 1980s", former three weight champion Alexis Argüello moved up to challenge for undefeated Aaron Pryor's Light Welterweight championship. In what would prove to be a brilliant ebb and flow fight, the slicker, smaller puncher, Arguello, was ahead after 12 rounds. However, in between the 13th and 14th rounds, Pryor's head trainer Panama Lewis was heard to ask for "another bottle...the one I mixed". Any drink but water has been strictly regulated since the Marquess of Queensbury rules were introduced in the 1800s. Rumors abound that the new bottle contained anything from Schnapps, to Alka Seltzer, PCP or an anti-asthma drug that opens the sinus cavities. Whatever the case, a suddenly revived Pryor stormed out of the corner and landed punch after punch on Arguello ultimately ending the Nicaraguan's bid to become a four weight champion. Had the fight only gone 12 rounds, it is argued that Arguello would probably be considered among the top three or four fighters of all-time.
It has also been argued that extra rounds would have changed the following fights:
- April 6, 1987: Marvin Hagler vs. Sugar Ray Leonard — Before the match, it was believed that Leonard's decision to challenge Hagler, the World Middleweight Champion, was a dangerous mistake that seemed destined to result in "a brutal knockout loss."[8] However, Leonard prevented Hagler from scoring by repeatedly dodging Hagler's heavy hits for the surprising upset victory by points. It was noted that Leonard was clearly more exhausted by the tactic than Hagler towards the final rounds and might not have been able to maintain his point lead for 15 rounds.[8]
- July 16, 2005: Bernard Hopkins vs. Jermain Taylor I — The debate following the fight raised the question of whether Taylor, who was "losing steam" in the later rounds, would have won the title match were it a 15-round bout.[9]
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