Chelsea are selling, not just buying. But is it enough?
Boehly and Clearlake have generated more than £250million from player sales in the past three transfer windows. Around £200million of that has been made this summer, primarily through the departures of Kai Havertz to Arsenal, Mason Mount to Manchester United, Mateo Kovacic to Manchester City and Kalidou Koulibaly and Edouard Mendy to Saudi Pro League clubs.
That figure comes nowhere near to balancing Chelsea’s outlay on transfer fees, but for accounting purposes it does not need to. Transfer fees for player sales are registered in full on the books immediately, minus the player’s remaining amortised cost.
The good news for Boehly and Clearlake is that the majority of the players they have sold in this window had either been at the club long enough to have relatively small remaining book values (Havertz, Kovacic and Christian Pulisic) or are Cobham academy graduates (Mount and Ruben Loftus-Cheek), who represent pure profit when sold.
Havertz, Mount and Kovacic alone netted Chelsea close to £100million in accounting profit on player sales. That in theory could bankroll as much as £500million in transfer fees amortised over five-year contracts, without tipping the club into the red on player trading in the books. It would of course mean that income needs to consistently come in over the five years in order to keep ‘paying off’ the fees for incoming transfers.
Chelsea’s estimated amortised spending in the past three windows under Boehly and Clearlake, using initial transfer figures reported by The Athletic, comes to £157.2million; this significantly lower number is almost entirely offset by an accounting profit from player sales of £149.6million over the same period.
It is clear to see, then, that big clubs have more room than it might first appear to manoeuvre in the transfer market without falling foul of FFP — and the restrictions themselves are loosening; from the 2023-24 season, clubs judged to be in good financial health could be permitted to lose as much as €90million over a three-year monitoring period, triple the old limit of €30million.
Because a club’s accounts are published almost a year after the relevant deals take place, it is currently too early to know if Chelsea’s current spending will see them post a loss or profit. But in terms of hitting that number over three years of about €90million loss, it is worth bearing in mind that last year’s accounts saw Chelsea post a £121million loss (€140m). The season before that saw a £156m loss (€181m), which was the second biggest in Premier League history, so the club will need to start turning a profit soon, whether that be through increased player sales, improved commercial deals or a return to the Champions League (where you’d expect to make about £3-4m per home game).
Time will tell, but time is exactly what the amortisation of these transfer fees is buying the ownership.
Boehly and Clearlake identified on arrival that Chelsea were ripe for a massive rebuild, with a combination of expensive players almost fully amortised on the books and an academy that produces a steady conveyer belt of saleable young footballers, as well as a handful of elite prospects good enough to become first-team contributors.
But there is another key aspect to what Chelsea are trying to do…
The wage bill is coming down
In the course of the financial due diligence that preceded their takeover last year, Boehly and Clearlake quickly identified that Roman Abramovich had been happily paying what they regarded as a “Chelsea premium” in terms of player salaries.
Base wages were well above the market rate across the board, with almost nothing tied to performance-based incentives such as Champions League participation.
The massive squad turnover at Stamford Bridge over the past year has been as much about shedding contracts as players. Boehly and Clearlake have been determined to bring the club’s salary commitments down to a competitive market level, and they are well aware that the earning expectations of footballers tend to rise as they get older.
Since the restructuring of their football operation around co-sporting directors Laurence Stewart and Paul Winstanley at the start of 2023, Chelsea have placed renewed emphasis on targeting players aged 23 or younger, with Christopher Nkunku (whose transfer was agreed almost a year ago), Axel Disasi and goalkeeper Robert Sanchez the only exceptions.
Younger players tend to be more amenable to lower base salaries with performance incentives, which gives Chelsea the opportunity to start them at a more affordable level and then reward the best performers with pay rises as time goes by. Lavia will almost certainly be on a lower wage as he begins his career at Stamford Bridge than former Southampton team-mate James Ward-Prowse is on at West Ham.
Chelsea also remain committed to longer contracts even as amortisation benefits are reduced; Boehly and Clearlake believe they give players greater security and the club more protection on the value of their assets. It is hoped that lower salaries across the board will mean players who disappoint at Stamford Bridge will not be as difficult to offload as Romelu Lukaku and Hakim Ziyech, two of the last lavishly paid survivors of the Abramovich era.
There are still some high earners on Chelsea’s books, Raheem Sterling and Nkunku chief among them. But overall Boehly and Clearlake believe they have saved tens of millions of pounds in annual salary commitments for the first-team squad — money they are re-deploying to spend on transfer fees.
Chelsea’s strategy is not without risk
Boehly and Clearlake have essentially re-made Chelsea’s squad as an investment portfolio: a collection of talented young footballers committed to Stamford Bridge for what should be their prime years, but whose transfer values could fall as well as rise depending on any number of variables that can affect individual development.
Not all of the signings are expected to flourish, but the talent identification and development skills of the staff led by Stewart and Winstanley are being backed to ensure the successes outweigh the failures. If they do not, Chelsea will likely under-achieve on the pitch and these amortised fees will add up, limiting their options for correcting course.
One of the Premier League’s oldest squads has been transformed into the youngest by owners attempting to scale up something akin to the recruitment models of Monaco, RB Leipzig and Brighton to power an elite European club. Chelsea must now balance an economic requirement to develop the young talent they have assembled for themselves and for others, with the more immediate football demands of competing at the very top of the sport.
This particular tightrope has never been walked, or arguably even attempted, by a club of such size and recent winning pedigree. Can you lift the Premier League or Champions League with almost exclusively young players? Will assembling a group of players largely in the same age bracket prove an impediment to developing the kind of dressing room dynamic made possible by the best blends of youth and experience?
Boehly and Clearlake are betting the answers to these questions favour them, and that their approach to transfers and squad building puts Chelsea on a path to sustained sporting success as well as financial growth. Everyone else in football will be watching closely to see what happens next.