The genetic structure of the world’s first farmers

Oceanicpuppy

Oceanicpuppy

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@KidStranglehold @Poitier @Misreeya what do you think?

http://biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2016/06/16/059311.full.pdf




  1. We report genome-wide ancient DNA from 44 ancient Near Easterners ranging in time
  2. 86 between ~12,000-1,400 BCE, from Natufian hunter-gatherers to Bronze Age farmers.
  3. 87 We show that the earliest populations of the Near East derived around half their
  4. 88 ancestry from a ‘Basal Eurasian’ lineage that had little if any Neanderthal admixture
  5. 89 and that separated from other non-African lineages prior to their separation from each
  6. 90 other. The first farmers of the southern Levant (Israel and Jordan) and Zagros
  7. 91 Mountains (Iran) were strongly genetically differentiated, and each descended from
  8. 92 local hunter-gatherers. By the time of the Bronze Age, these two populations and
  9. 93 Anatolian-related farmers had mixed with each other and with the hunter-gatherers of
  10. 94 Europe to drastically reduce genetic differentiation. The impact of the Near Eastern
  11. 95 farmers extended beyond the Near East: farmers related to those of Anatolia spread
  12. 96 westward into Europe; farmers related to those of the Levant spread southward into
  13. 97 East Africa; farmers related to those from Iran spread northward into the Eurasian
  14. 98 steppe; and people related to both the early farmers of Iran and to the pastoralists of
99 the Eurasian steppe spread eastward into South Asia.




  1. Basal Eurasian ancestry was pervasive in the ancient Near East and associated with
  2. 153 reduced Neanderthal ancestry
 
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Oceanicpuppy

Oceanicpuppy

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  1. A population without Neanderthal admixture, basal to other Eurasians, may have plausibly

  2. 185 lived in Africa. Craniometric analyses have suggested that the Natufians may have migrated

  3. 186 from north or sub-Saharan Africa25,26, a result that finds some support from Y chromosome

  4. 187 analysis which shows that the Natufians and successor Levantine Neolithic populations
  5. 188 carried haplogroup E, of likely ultimate African origin, which has not been detected in other
  6. 189 ancient males from West Eurasia :wow:(Supplementary Information, section 6) 7,8. However, no

  7. 190 affinity of Natufians to sub-Saharan Africans is evident in our genome-wide analysis, as

  8. 191 present-day sub-Saharan Africans do not share more alleles with Natufians than with other

  9. 192 ancient Eurasians (Extended Data Table 1). (We could not test for a link to present-day North

  10. 193 Africans, who owe most of their ancestry to back-migration from Eurasia27,28.
 
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