New 3-D Models of Some of The Earliest Four-legged Animals Reveals A Surprising Find:

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We imagined their backbones backward


Our ancestors the tetrapods--the first animals to crawl out of the muck and onto land--have spines that are organized the opposite way from what everyone thought. The findings could change evolutionary biologists’ understanding of how the vertebrae evolved--and therefore how all vertebrate animals evolved.





Tetrapod anatomy: Backbone back-to-front in early animals


New 3D models of fossil remains show that previous renderings of the position of the beasts' backbones were actually back-to-front.

The findings, published in the journal Nature, may even change our thinking on how the spine evolved.

The scientists looked at a group of animals called the tetrapods, examining three creatures called Ichthyostega, Acanthostega and Pederpes.




"The textbook examples turn out to be wrong”

Prof John Hutchinson

Royal Veterinary College



BBC News - Tetrapod anatomy: Backbone back-to-front in early animals




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