Stone Cold
Superstar
Disclaimer -IMO, Neither one is inherently good or bad in and of itself, however in the context of living under a system of white supremacy the purpose of this thread is to determine which is more detrimental to the black community. Because @Kavin The 1 created multiple threads on Christianity, I'll just cover the data on marijuana and its effects on the black community.
One of the main complaints @Kavin The 1 had with Christianity is the name itself. Christian= "cretin" or "stupid person" therefore one could say religion negatively affects ones mental cognition.
But what does the data say about the effects of Marijuana on one's mental cognition?
Although acute in many cases, there are adverse effects with marijuana use on mental cognition that can affect life or death choices in a financially oppressed community. A key sub-category in mental cognition is decision-making. Decision-making is essential to survival in the black community
Decision-making fundamentals
As a rule, decision-making involves a multi-part process. Specific steps in this process include such things as:
NIDA reported last December that regular marijuana use is on the rise among teenagers, citing an increase of more than 10 percent in students in 8th, 10th and 12th grade. In addition, NIDA’s 2010 Monitoring the Future study surveyed 46,482 students in 396 public and private schools across 48 states and corroborated the results of the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, also released last year.
In the study, researchers observed that marijuana users performed poorly on the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), which is a complex decision-making task in which participants make choices under ambiguous conditions and win or lose money based on their choices. The IGT goal is to use the feedback of the wins and losses to guide future choices towards safe options that result in winning more and losing less. The early phase of the IGT is particularly important because early exposure to wins and losses aid the development of decision-making strategies that are exploited in later phases of the task.
Sixteen chronic marijuana users and 16 controls, or non users, performed a modified IGT in an MRI scanner. Performance was tracked and functional brain activity in response to early wins and losses was examined. Researchers were looking to see if poor performance of marijuana users was related to differences in brain activity while evaluating the positive and negative information conveyed by wins and losses during the early, strategy development phase of the IGT.
For the control group, after multiple exposures to early large monetary losses, they began to choose safer, less negative options on the task. In contrast, the marijuana users generally failed to alter their selection patterns and continued to make disadvantageous choices throughout the task. The researchers found that this was because marijuana users were less sensitive to the negative feedback during strategy development.
“The marijuana users appear to have a blunted response to losing. They don’t figure out a strategy to avoid monetary losses and this is associated with a decreased functional brain response to the early, negative information that guides the other group to safer choices,” Wesley said. “The bottom line is that it looks like they don’t care as much if they lose.”
Decision-making Processes Blunted in Chronic Marijuana Smokers
Another complaint against religion is the "mental bondage" it generates within the black community, in the next half I'll go over the physical bondage marijuana generates within that same community
One of the main complaints @Kavin The 1 had with Christianity is the name itself. Christian= "cretin" or "stupid person" therefore one could say religion negatively affects ones mental cognition.
But what does the data say about the effects of Marijuana on one's mental cognition?
A study by Bartholomew showed prospective memory impairments associated with cannabis use in young adults. Analysis revealed no significant differences in the number of self-reported prospective memory failures. Cannabis users recalled significantly fewer location–action combinations than non-users in the video-based prospective memory task. The study concluded that cannabis use has a detrimental effect on prospective memory ability in young adults but users may not be aware of these deficits.[11]
Certain specific neuropsychological parameters have been found to be affected. Most commonly and consistently reported are response time, prolongation of word viewing time, basic oculomotor deficit, residual verbal memory and executive functioning.[16] These dysfunctions increase cognitive demands. Based upon such findings occurring in a specific subgroup of patients of schizophrenia and in a normal population, a cognitive endophenotype has been proposed which increases vulnerability for schizophrenia-like disorders.[17,18]
The trajectory of effects of cannabis on executive functions follows an interesting pattern of recovery of some functions and persisting deficits in others (see Table 2). The acute effects of cannabis use are evident in attentional and information processing abilities with recovery of these functions likely after a month or more of abstinence. Decision-making and risk-taking problems aren’t necessarily evident immediately after smoking; however, if cannabis use is heavy and chronic, impairments may emerge that do not remit with abstinence, particularly if heavy use was initiated in adolescence such that maturation of executive functions was not achieved. Acute cannabis use impairs inhibition and promotes impulsivity, and over a period of abstinence, these deficits are most evident in tasks that require concept formation, planning and sequencing abilities. Working memory is significantly impaired following acute exposure to cannabis; however, these deficits resolve with sustained abstinence. Evidence is less clear in regards to verbal fluency abilities; however, research suggests that chronic, heavy use may impact verbal fluency abilities even after long-term abstinence. The long-term effects of cannabis on executive function is most clearly demonstrated when studies use chronic, heavy cannabis users, as opposed to light, occasional users. Yet even occasional cannabis use can acutely impair attention, concentration, decision-making, inhibition, impulsivity and working memory.
Although acute in many cases, there are adverse effects with marijuana use on mental cognition that can affect life or death choices in a financially oppressed community. A key sub-category in mental cognition is decision-making. Decision-making is essential to survival in the black community
Decision-making fundamentals
As a rule, decision-making involves a multi-part process. Specific steps in this process include such things as:
- Recognizing the need for action
- Acquiring information to fuel the problem-solving
- Identifying the potential choices
- Calculating the pros and cons
- Selecting a plan of attack
- Acting, and then reflecting on the outcome later
NIDA reported last December that regular marijuana use is on the rise among teenagers, citing an increase of more than 10 percent in students in 8th, 10th and 12th grade. In addition, NIDA’s 2010 Monitoring the Future study surveyed 46,482 students in 396 public and private schools across 48 states and corroborated the results of the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, also released last year.
In the study, researchers observed that marijuana users performed poorly on the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), which is a complex decision-making task in which participants make choices under ambiguous conditions and win or lose money based on their choices. The IGT goal is to use the feedback of the wins and losses to guide future choices towards safe options that result in winning more and losing less. The early phase of the IGT is particularly important because early exposure to wins and losses aid the development of decision-making strategies that are exploited in later phases of the task.
Sixteen chronic marijuana users and 16 controls, or non users, performed a modified IGT in an MRI scanner. Performance was tracked and functional brain activity in response to early wins and losses was examined. Researchers were looking to see if poor performance of marijuana users was related to differences in brain activity while evaluating the positive and negative information conveyed by wins and losses during the early, strategy development phase of the IGT.
For the control group, after multiple exposures to early large monetary losses, they began to choose safer, less negative options on the task. In contrast, the marijuana users generally failed to alter their selection patterns and continued to make disadvantageous choices throughout the task. The researchers found that this was because marijuana users were less sensitive to the negative feedback during strategy development.
“The marijuana users appear to have a blunted response to losing. They don’t figure out a strategy to avoid monetary losses and this is associated with a decreased functional brain response to the early, negative information that guides the other group to safer choices,” Wesley said. “The bottom line is that it looks like they don’t care as much if they lose.”
Decision-making Processes Blunted in Chronic Marijuana Smokers
Another complaint against religion is the "mental bondage" it generates within the black community, in the next half I'll go over the physical bondage marijuana generates within that same community