Phone (phonetics)
In
phonetics (a branch of
linguistics), a
phone is any distinct
speech sound or
gesture, regardless of whether the exact sound is critical to the meanings of words.
In contrast, a
phoneme is a speech sound in a given language that, if swapped with another phoneme, could change one word to another. Phones are absolute and are not specific to any language, but phonemes can be discussed only in reference to specific languages.
For example, the English words
kid and
kit end with two distinct phonemes, /d/ and /t/, and swapping one for the other would change one word into a different word. However, the difference between the /p/ sounds in
pun ([pʰ], with
aspiration) and
spun ([p], without aspiration) never affects the meaning or identity of a word in English. Therefore, [p] cannot be replaced with [pʰ] (or vice versa) and thereby convert one word into another. This causes [pʰ] and [p] to be two distinct phones but not distinct phonemes in English.