Schools use Asians as a model minority when they see fit - if they are charged with not having enough minorities, they point to their Asian Am population and say that it is huge to hide the fact that they have poor recruitment and retention for Black and Latino students. When that rich white alumni get concerned about lack of white faces, they point towards Asian Ams taking away white "seats".
To give these schools some credit, I've served nationally for private orgs regarding admissions and scholarships for high achieving students - particularly the Asian Am population. I can see how a 'holistic review' can weed out a particular type of super-nerd kid. After reading thousands of apps from students, all with gpas above 3.5 and loads of extra curriculars, I can say this about some of these students:
- Many of the East Asian and Indian super nerd applicants want to go into stem fields, take hella math and science AP courses in high school, usually are part of orchestra and participate in solitary sports that doesn't require a lot of team work (tennis, cross country). They only hold leadership positions in super nerdy student orgs and when asked essay questions about challenging current societal and structural changes, the students completely miss the point, and some are even condescending towards other students. They don't describe themselves as a well rounded individual either, their teamwork abilities are compromised, and will consistently list English and History to be their weakness. It is so typical to see this type of app that you actually get happy when you see an app with basketball, theater, church leader and any mention of a rich social life. The former type of candidate saturates the pool for Asian Ams, and apps from Southeast Asians and other South Asians are considerably less in numbers.
- A high achieving stem kid who can show critical thinking skills, can tie his academic goal with a narrowed down and well research career goal (I want to conduct research that does xyz because of abc), doesn't run from social sciences, and is a social kid, will get picked over the super nerd I just described above cause he will likely be assigned more points during the "holistic review" process.
-However, a famous nerd whose high school internship and research with local colleges that have already earned him recognition will still get admitted despite not having a well rounded app because schools value recognition, and many of the tenured faculty are sent out on 'recruitment' efforts to get these kids to sign.