The article expands on everything in the diagram with more detail, I just took out the piece pertaining to cell phones. Link at the bottom if you want to read it.
http://www.yalelawjournal.org/the-y...e:-making-cents-out-of-united-states-v.-jones
Rather than pursue a suspect in the field, law enforcement agents can track subjects by following the signal of their cell phones by obtaining location information from the provider.Cell phone carriers have the ability to provide reliable data on the location of a phone at any minute with a reasonable degree of accuracy, often down to a particular city block.
Data gathered by the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) show that cell phone companies will provide location data to law enforcements at varying rates. As of August 2009, “Sprint charges $30 per month per target to use its L-Site program for location tracking. AT&T’s E911 tool costs $100 to activate and then $25 a day. T-Mobile charges a much pricier $100 per day.” We used this data to develop an hourly rate for each company, and we present the minimum and maximum charges as the range of hourly costs law enforcement might expect to pay for this method of surveillance. Our calculations include any fees charged to initialize the process (when applicable) because they are specific to an investigation, but those costs are included in the hourly rate.
Given the downward trajectory of technological costs, the increased automation of these services via self-service web portals, and the fact that reimbursement to carriers is limited to reasonable, directly incurred costs, we might expect that these rates will decline further over time.
http://www.yalelawjournal.org/the-y...e:-making-cents-out-of-united-states-v.-jones