Algeria President facing coup by military

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bbc.com
Algeria army chief urges leader removed
6-7 minutes
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Image copyright AFP/Getty
Image caption President Abdelaziz Bouteflika has led Algeria since 1999
Algeria's army chief of staff has demanded President Abdelaziz Bouteflika be declared unfit to rule after weeks of protests against him.

Speaking on television, Lt Gen Ahmed Gaed Salah said: "We must find a way out of this crisis immediately, within the constitutional framework."

The president has already agreed not to stand for a fifth term in upcoming elections, which have been delayed.

Demonstrators accuse the 82-year-old of a ploy to prolong his 20-year rule.

Talks have been set up to oversee the country's political transition, draft a new constitution and set the date for elections. But they do not yet have a date to start.

Protests against Mr Bouteflika began last month after the president, who has rarely been seen in public since suffering a stroke in 2013, said he planned to stand for another term.

But people have continued to march even after he agreed not to stand, instead demanding immediate change.

Lt Gen Gaed Salah - who is also deputy defence minister and seen as loyal to Mr Bouteflika - has previously said the military and the people had a united vision of the future, hinting at the armed forces' support for the demonstrators.

What did the army chief say?
Lt Gen Gaed Salah said the constitution was "the only guarantee to preserve a stable political situation", and called for the use of Article 102, which allows the Constitutional Council to declare the position of president vacant if the leader is unfit to rule.

"This solution achieves consensus and must be accepted by all," he said to the applause of officers watching the speech.

Under the constitution, the head of the Senate, Abdelkhader Bansallah, would become the acting head of state until an election could be held.

Reports suggest the Constitutional Council is now holding a special meeting after the speech.

The dramatic intervention by the armed forces chief of staff is the latest development after weeks of sustained protest in Algeria.

Earlier this month Prime Minister Ahmed Ouyahia announced his resignation and was replaced by Interior Minister Noureddine Bedoui.

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A significant intervention
By Rana Jawad, BBC North Africa correspondent

The announcement by Algeria's army chief is symbolically significant. However, given the reality of President Bouteflika's health status, the constitutional impasse over an extension to his current mandate until elections are held, and the rallying calls by protestors who remain on Algeria's streets, the move is hardly unexpected.

Still, there will be questions over the army's chief's motivations. In recent years, it is the president's circle of political and army loyalists who appear to have spoken on his behalf as his absence peaked due to illness.

Lt Gen Ahmad Gaed Salah is viewed as fiercely loyal to Mr Bouteflika and a central "pillar" to the ruling powers of Algeria - so much so that on the weekend, a privately-owned local newspaper reported that he "must go" along with the president.

The country's Constitutional Council will need to back this latest call, and then ultimately it will be left to the parliament to officially decide the president's political fate.

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Who is Abdelaziz Bouteflika?
A veteran of Algeria's war of independence, Mr Bouteflika's upper-class, Westernised style led him to be called "the dandy diplomat" in some quarters.

He came into office, backed by the army, after the 1990s civil war and was largely viewed as a unifier of the many factions underpinning Algerian politics.

p0749rfy.jpg


Media playback is unsupported on your device


Media captionHalf of Algeria’s population is under the age of 30.
Unlike some leaders in the region, his presidency survived the protests of the Arab Spring in 2011 - until now.

He does not travel around the country or abroad, except for medical treatment.

His aides represent him at events and read his messages to the public, and the announcement that he was not standing for a fifth presidential term was read on his behalf by a newsreader on national TV.

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What could happen next?
By Ahmed Rouaba, BBC Africa

The Constitutional Council must first agree to trigger Article 102 of the constitution.

Both chambers of parliament would then meet in a joint session and vote on whether the president is unfit to perform his duties. A two-thirds majority is required.

If this passes, the speaker of the upper house of parliament, the Council of the Nation, would take over the duties of the president.

The new provisional head of state would rule for 45 days with a specific mission to prepare for new presidential elections. The provisional president cannot stand in those elections.

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Le Pouvoir already hold the real power in Algeria. Bouteflika has always been their puppet. Le Pouvoir is now making a calculation that they can save the structure of the regime by getting Bouteflika out of the picture. This is similar to the Egyptian Military's behavior in the 2011 Revolution, although the main difference is Mubarak held more actual power than Bouteflika, who has basically none.
 

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Le Pouvoir already hold the real power in Algeria. Bouteflika has always been their puppet. Le Pouvoir is now making a calculation that they can save the structure of the regime by getting Bouteflika out of the picture. This is similar to the Egyptian Military's behavior in the 2011 Revolution, although the main difference is Mubarak held more actual power than Bouteflika, who has basically none.
Can you explain who/what Le Pouvoir is? :lupe: I'm trying to follow oyu...
 
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Can you explain who/what Le Pouvoir is? :lupe: I'm trying to follow oyu...
basically... in algerian history since independence the politics has alway gone through the FLN (Front de Liberation Nationale). the FLN was a guerilla rebel group that was mainly responsible for algerias independence from france. algeria was different from other colonies in africa because france actually considered it a part of their country, rather than a satellite for resources. so they did not have the intention of ever surrendering it to algerians.

because the political context of algerian independence came through a quai-military organization, the military has since dominated the countrys political scene. all the presidents have been FLN men and as a result the countrys interests have been military-oriented: secular and security-oriented. initially the FLN was much more leftist but over time algeria moved away from socialism toward Bretton Woods, Washington Consensus-style neoliberal reform. this has resulted in algeria being much more dependent on france, the US and the west; its partially why theres still so much french influence there today.

algerian presidents did use to have more power than now though, even if they represented military interests. chadli benjedid, president in the 80s, responded to widespread protests over lack of political freedom and high food costs by instituting democratic opening in the early 90s. there were elections scheduled in late 91. but this was a huge problem for the military because FIS (Front du Islamique Salvation) was going to overwhelmingly win. FIS was a large tent party that was Islamist, but with a wide range of Islamist thought within. the algerian military (like most militaries in the region) is extremely secular and paranoid about islamist movements. after FIS won the first round, the algerian military abruptly intervened and cancelled the elections. interestingly, their main argument was the FIS could not be trusted to pursue the neoliberal reforms algeria was on the path of.

this sparked a brutal civil war that lasted through the 90s. thats a whole other post itself but the main lesson from that is the FLN learned NOT TO TRUST RELATIVELY INDEPENDENT PRESIDENTS because they could open up elections like chadli did. at the same time they wanted the country to appear democratic both for domestic and foreign appeasement.

this is where le pouvoir comes in. le pouvoir (the power in french) are civilian FLN members, probably retired generals, who along with the military basically make the countrys real decisions. they stay in the shadows. bouteflika, whos been president since 99, is essentially their puppet and public face. he has no real control over the country. elections are held but they are noncompetitive, bouteflika wins at least 80% of the vote and his opponents are noncompetitive.

bouteflika is an old and extremely weak man now. he hasnt spoken in public in years and he i doubt that he has even basic movement at this point. him running for another term was especially insulting to the intelligence of algerians, and i suspect that his obvious role as a stooge for le pouvoir was the tipping point for these protests.

this probably sounds a lot like a conspiracy theory but the idea of le pouvoir is widely accepted in scholarship on the country.

People Vs. Pouvoir: Demonstrators take on Algeria’s forces of power
 

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basically... in algerian history since independence the politics has alway gone through the FLN (Front de Liberation Nationale). the FLN was a guerilla rebel group that was mainly responsible for algerias independence from france. algeria was different from other colonies in africa because france actually considered it a part of their country, rather than a satellite for resources. so they did not have the intention of ever surrendering it to algerians.

because the political context of algerian independence came through a quai-military organization, the military has since dominated the countrys political scene. all the presidents have been FLN men and as a result the countrys interests have been military-oriented: secular and security-oriented. initially the FLN was much more leftist but over time algeria moved away from socialism toward Bretton Woods, Washington Consensus-style neoliberal reform. this has resulted in algeria being much more dependent on france, the US and the west; its partially why theres still so much french influence there today.

algerian presidents did use to have more power than now though, even if they represented military interests. chadli benjedid, president in the 80s, responded to widespread protests over lack of political freedom and high food costs by instituting democratic opening in the early 90s. there were elections scheduled in late 91. but this was a huge problem for the military because FIS (Front du Islamique Salvation) was going to overwhelmingly win. FIS was a large tent party that was Islamist, but with a wide range of Islamist thought within. the algerian military (like most militaries in the region) is extremely secular and paranoid about islamist movements. after FIS won the first round, the algerian military abruptly intervened and cancelled the elections. interestingly, their main argument was the FIS could not be trusted to pursue the neoliberal reforms algeria was on the path of.

this sparked a brutal civil war that lasted through the 90s. thats a whole other post itself but the main lesson from that is the FLN learned NOT TO TRUST RELATIVELY INDEPENDENT PRESIDENTS because they could open up elections like chadli did. at the same time they wanted the country to appear democratic both for domestic and foreign appeasement.

this is where le pouvoir comes in. le pouvoir (the power in french) are civilian FLN members, probably retired generals, who along with the military basically make the countrys real decisions. they stay in the shadows. bouteflika, whos been president since 99, is essentially their puppet and public face. he has no real control over the country. elections are held but they are noncompetitive, bouteflika wins at least 80% of the vote and his opponents are noncompetitive.

bouteflika is an old and extremely weak man now. he hasnt spoken in public in years and he i doubt that he has even basic movement at this point. him running for another term was especially insulting to the intelligence of algerians, and i suspect that his obvious role as a stooge for le pouvoir was the tipping point for these protests.

this probably sounds a lot like a conspiracy theory but the idea of le pouvoir is widely accepted in scholarship on the country.

People Vs. Pouvoir: Demonstrators take on Algeria’s forces of power
So...Turkey?
 

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So...Turkey?
yeah its a similar situation to the derin devlit (deep state). the meaningful differences i think is
a) kemal ataturk doesnt have a parallell in algeria as a leader responsible for laying the countrys secular, social infrastructure. so theres always been a reallt serious problem with the countrys identity
b) erdogan and the AKP have loosened derin devlits hold and established alternative systems of power
 

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yeah its a similar situation to the derin devlit (deep state). the meaningful differences i think is
a) kemal ataturk doesnt have a parallell in algeria as a leader responsible for laying the countrys secular, social infrastructure. so theres always been a reallt serious problem with the countrys identity
b) erdogan and the AKP have loosened derin devlits hold and established alternative systems of power
how does algeria and turkey compare to egypt?
 

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how does algeria and turkey compare to egypt?
egyptian presidential rule has typically had more power than the president in algeria or prime minister/president in turkey. their presidents are almost always from the military and generally reflect military interests but have more power as individuals. the military itself and especially officer corps is slightly more institutionalized than algerias but have direct financial incentives in the regime's survival because of patronage and desired governorships or financial posts given by the president. usually the president in egypt keeps the militarys top brass in check through these incentives and because they usually have more or less the same vision for society.
but military leadership also has more of a unique identity and political goals different from the president than that in a country like syria. thats why they didnt bother try to protect mubarak in 2011, they made the calculation they could preserve their privileges by hoping his immediate fall would prevent the collapse of their governments system.
their secular outlook is just as important a part of their identity as in algeria too. the coup against morsi was because of along with the desire for more direct access to patronage and executive political power.
i think al-sisis presidential goals basically align with egyptian military leadership, but he has more personal agency and power than bouteflika under le pouvoir or turkish leaders under the deep state
 
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