The Rise of Fake Music
If 2017 brought a fresh awareness of how streaming platforms can affect culture, it also saw mounting concern about how those same platforms could potentially be manipulated.
In July, Vulture stoked claims that Spotify was seeding its playlists with “fake artists” and then pocketing the royalties. That was based on a 2016 Music Business Worldwide report about how Spotify pays producers up-front to create certain types of tracks, which the streaming company then owns. A few days later, MBW listed dozens of what it called “fictional” acts whose tracks had garnered more than 500 million streams from Spotify playlists such as Deep Focus, Ambient Chill, and Music for Concentration. Epidemic Sound, a Swedish company that shares an investor with Spotify, represented roughly 50 of these artists.
Spotify isn’t alone. In September, rapper Post Malone released “Rockstar.” But the single’s YouTube video, uploaded by Malone’s label Republic Records, was unusual. Instead of the song itself, there was simply the song’s chorus looped over and over again. In the video description were links to stream the track on other services; comments were disabled.
Asked about this phenomenon, YouTube’s global head of music, the veteran record industry executive Lyor Cohen, tells Pitchfork,
“We’ve stopped that from happening.” A YouTube spokesperson explains in a follow-up statement to Pitchfork: “Loop videos that feature misleading and inaccurate metadata violate YouTube policies and we are actively working to have them removed. Further, any upload of a song intended to mislead a user (preview, truncated, looped) posted on YouTube to look like the original song will not contribute to any charts.”
Indeed, both the “Rockstar” looped clip and a similar video for Migos’ “MotorSport” have been removed from YouTube. Whether more crafty chart workarounds will emerge will be an issue to watch.
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